Anatomy Of The Emotional System

Front 1

Back 1

lesion at the premotor neuron to the lower motor neuron so whne asked to smile she cant BUT if told a funny joke she smiles due to the effects of the medial emotional systems

Front 2

2 types of motor Systems

Back 2

emotional aspects built into the motor systems (e.g aggressive walk or smooth...)

Front 3

How do conscious & unconscious perceptions produce visceral & skeletomotor & cognitive response?

Back 3

Front 4

How do Visceral sensations & perception interact?

Back 4

patterned (sterotypical) behaviour
- prepares for required behaviour: HR, gut motility, sweating...
- COMMUNICATES emotion; skeletomotor, facial expression, body postural...

Front 5

How do neural circuits of emotion give rise to conscious perception?

Back 5

Front 6

Concious perception results from

Back 6

1. sensory input
2. visceral input
3. prior learning

Front 7

The limbic system

Back 7

Front 8

Anatomy of the limbic System

Back 8

Hypothalamus: major controller of ANS
Amygdala: fear & loathing, influences memory
Thalamus: sensory relay, attention, memory
Cortex: getting attention, assessing significance, suppressing or activating behaviour
- anterior cingulate
- orbital prefrontal
- central prefrontal
- insula cortex

Front 9

Hypothalamus

Back 9

- coordinates peripheral motor expression
eg; BP, temp, energy, reproduction
INPUTS:
- BRF, visceral sensation, retina, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, cortex
RESPONSE:
- ant & post pituitary, thalamus, amygdala, ANS control centres RSS and PAG

RSS: reticulospinal system; motor coordinates stereotypic defencive reactions, reflexes eg startle
PAG: mediates motor behaviour, with inputs also from amygdala and visceral centres

Front 10

Amygdala

Back 10

- integrates and mediates between sensory inputs, hypothalamus & cognitive centres (cortex)
- several nuclei
- 3 basolateral groups
- corticomedial
- central

Front 11

Amygdala INS and OUTS

Back 11

INS:
- massive sensory: thalamus and cortex and DIRECT olfactory (MAGNIFIES sensory stimuli)
- visceral sensory: central nucleus of hypothalamus, PAG and parabrachial n. (MAGNIFIES)
- cortical: OF, AC, Insula
= hippocoampus: links emotion related aspects of memory

OUTPUTS:
UP: to limbic cortex; influences emotional perception, sensory heighten attention
DOWN: (hypothalamus, BS ANS centres, PAG, striatum) motor plans, habits, motivation

Front 12

Amygdalar groups

Back 12

Front 13

Amygdalar Lesion

Back 13

Front 14

Central n. amygdala outputs

Back 14

Front 15

Bilateral Amygdalar Lesions

Back 15

Front 16

Amygdala and recognition of emotional signals

Back 16

- amydala INC. activation with fear/anger in others (reading facial expressions)
- sympathetic activation: (eg amphetamines) INC. emotional salience to facial expression (scarier)

Front 17

Facial Scanning

Back 17

Front 18

Limbic Cortex anatomy

Back 18

- OF: eyeball depressions

Front 19

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Back 19

ventral: affective
dorsal: cognitive
- connections between Amg, PAG, ANS regions BR, An. Thalamic
VISCERAL PREMOTOR region: activates vicers (GI, HR)
- Activated during emotional charged tasks (happy, sad..)
- Empathy? reposnds to visions of pain in others
-

Cognitive area: active during attention demanding tasks & error monitoring
- excessive activity: depression.. or can be dec. BUT JUST REMEMBER THAT CHANGE IN ACTIVITY FOR AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
- lesions: reduced self awareness, motor and cogn. flatness, muteness, reduced appreciation of pain, no emotional response to emotive stimuli

Front 20

Romantic Love

Back 20

ACC activated in deep romantic love (also activated in depression...lol)

INC. insula activity

Front 21

Insular Cortex

Back 21

taste and emotion
- disgust and contempt
FN: visceral sens., taste, pain
OUTPUT: Amg, lateral hypothalamus

Also the touchy feely cortex: respond to pleasant touch and imagining romantic and maternal love

Front 22

Insular Lesion

Back 22

- Impair recognition of disgust in facial expression and in ability to experience disgust

Front 23

Orbital prefrontal cortex

Back 23

- decision making relative to emotional state
- ice pick surgeries preformed here
- decision making relative to social situation
- processes aversive emotions
- recognition of emotion from voice and facial expression
- INC. activity OFC in facial expression of fear/anger

Front 24

Damage to Orbitofrontal areas

Back 24

- impaired decision making abilities (requiring feedback form social or emotional cues)
- lack of ability to evaluate social context and to determine if the action is appropriate (eg gambling)
- utlization behviour: pick up objects and use even if asked not to
- abnormal imitative behavior
- can lack ability to monitor and control aggressive impulse and risk taking
- frontotemporal dementia
- PHINEAS GAGE

Front 25

Ventral Prefrontal Cortex

Back 25

INC. activity; happy
DEC. activity: sad

Lesions: Left = depressed
right = mania (rare)

Orbio and ventral prefrontal cortex: impulse inhibitors, active when trying to control emotions