Anatomy Lab Practical 2

Front 1

6 extrinsic eye muscles

Back 1

1) superior rectus
2) inferior rectus
3) medial rectus
4) laterla rectus
5) superior oblique
6) inferior oblique

Front 2

big tube out the back of eye

Back 2

optic nerve

Front 3

"tear drop" on medial side of eye that drains into nose

Back 3

lacrimal sac

Front 4

2 parts of external tunic (eye)

Back 4

1) cornea - transparent - where light enters
2) Sclear - opaque white - goes all the way around

Front 5

Location of lens

Back 5

behind pupil

Front 6

4 things in middle tunic (eye)

Back 6

1) choroid - just inside the sclera - blood vessels (brown)
2) ciliary body - continuous with the choroid but in teh front - smooth muscle to focus lens
3) iris - attaches to ciliary body
4) pupil - allows light to enter the eye

Front 7

3 things in inner tunic (eye)

Back 7

1) retina - continuation of optic nerve around back of eye
2) optic disk - area where nerves join with the optic nerve
3) vitreous humor - jelly like substance in posterior part of eye (clear)

Front 8

3 things to know on slide of retina

Back 8

1) nuclei of ganglion cells (very few)
2) nuclei of bipolar cells (1 to 3 rows)
3) nuclei of photoreceptors (rods and cones) - several rows closely packed together

Front 9

3 parts of outer (external) ear

Back 9

1) auricle (pinna) - ear lobe
2) external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)
3) tympanic membrane - ear drum

Front 10

5 parts of middle ear

Back 10

1) tympanic cavity - contains 3 ossicles
2) malleus - hammer
3) incus - anvil
4) stapes - stirrup
5) pharyngotympanic tube

Front 11

6 parts of inner ear

Back 11

1) oval window - deep to stapes; superior
2) round window - inferior to stapes
3) vestibule a)utricle - sermicircular canals feed into them
b) saccule - above cochlea
4) semicircular canals (anterior, posterior, laterla
5) ampulla - "flask" at the end of each semicircular canal
6) cochlea

Front 12

7 parts of the cochlea

Back 12

1) scala vestibuli - continuous with the vestibule next to oval window - above vestibular membrane
2) scala tympani - ends at round window - below basilar membrane
3) cochlear duct - coiled part w/in the cochlea
4) vestibular membrane - V section between duct and vestibuli
5) organ of Corti - the part with the hairs under the roof
6) tectorial membrane - roof that folds over at the base of the duct
7) basilar membrane - the floor of the duct

Front 13

7 things on spinal cord model

Back 13

1) white matter - outside of "butterfly"
2) gray matter - butterfly
3) central canal - hole in center of gray matter
4) dorsal root - nerve fibers coming out of top of butterfly
5) dorsal root ganglion - bulge just before spinal nerve
6) ventral root - nerve fibers coming out of bottom of butterfly
7) spinal nerve - formed by dorsal root and ventral root coming together

Front 14

ventricles

Back 14

1) lateral ventricles - paired, horse-shoe shaped from lateral view
2) third ventricle - middle
3) cerebral aqueduct - between 3rd and 4th
4) fourth ventricle - diamond shaped (anterior view)

Front 15

gyrus

Back 15

ridges between grooves in cerebrum

Front 16

sulcus

Back 16

grooves in surface of cerebrum

Front 17

cerebrum

Back 17

main part of brain

Front 18

4 lobes of brain

Back 18

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe

Front 19

longitudinal fissure

Back 19

divides L & R hemispheres of the brain

Front 20

9 things to know in center of brain

Back 20

1) corpus callosum - under crebrum in middle
2) anterior commissure - "bulb" at front end of corpus callosum
3) posterior commissure - between hypothalamus and pineal
4)septum pellucidum - between corpus callosum and fornix
5) fornix - thin curved line below septum pellucidum and above thalamus
6) thalamus - center "egg"
7) hypothalamus - sits below & anteriorally of the thalamus - right above pituitary
8) infundibulum - tube that connects to pituitary
9) pituitary gland - ball that sticks down

Front 21

4 things on brain stem

Back 21

1) cerebral peduncle - thick tracts of nerve fibers that connect cerebellum to brain stem - difficult to see
2) pons - above Medulla oblongata - bulges anteriorly
3) medulla oblongata - continuous with spinal cord
4) cerebellum/arbor vitae - behind brain stem - looks like leaf

Front 22

7 cranial nerves and 3 "accessories"

Back 22

1) Olfactory nerve (I)
2) optic nerve (II)
3) oculomotor nerve (III)
4) Trigeminal nerve (V)
5) Abducens nerve (VI)
6) Vagus nerve (X) - just above accessory nerve
7) Accessory nerve (XI) - climbs up side of medulla
8) olfactory bulb - oval at top
9) optic chiasma - middle of X
10) optic tract - bottom of X

Front 23

2 things on exterior of heart

Back 23

1) apex - point left of midline and anterior
2) base - broad posterior surface

Front 24

3 layers of heart wall

Back 24

1) epicardium - outer
2) myocardium - middle
3) endocardium - inner

Front 25

main areas of the heart

Back 25

1) right atrium - superior on R side of body; L when looking at it
2) right ventricle - inferior
3) left atrium - superior - makes up most of base
4) left ventricle - inferior - largest
5) right auricle - "ear" on anterior part of superior corner of R atrium
6) left auricle - "ear" - only part of L atrium visible from anterior view

Front 26

4 things on interior walls of heart

Back 26

1) pectinate muscle - horizontal ridges in auricles and atria
2) trabeculae carneae - internal irregular ridges of muscle in ventricles
3) interatrial septum - wall between atria
4) interventricular septum

Front 27

blood vessels to and from heart

Back 27

1) superior vena cava - vein going into R atrium
2) inferior vena cava - vein going into R atrium
3) pulmonary trunk - artery leaving R ventricle (blue)
4) pulmonary arteries - branches off the pulmonary trunk - go to lungs
5) pulmonary veins - between lungs and L atrium - on sides; 4 of them
6) aorta - exits L ventricle

Front 28

Valves in heart

Back 28

Atrioventricular valves - between atria and ventricles
1) tricuspid valve - R atrium and R ventricle
2) bicuspid (mitral) valve - L atrium and L ventricle
semilunar valves - between ventricles and arteries
1) pulmonary semilunar valve - R ventricle & pulmonary trunk
2) aortic semilunar valve - L ventricle and aorta

Front 29

2 things on interior of ventricles

Back 29

1) chordae tendineae - thin bands from papillary muscles to flaps of tri and bicuspid valves
2) papillary muscles - cone shaped projections into ventricular cavity

Front 30

blood vessels that supply the heart

Back 30

1) coronary arteries - R and L side of aorta
2) cardiac veins - from heart wall into R atrium
3) coronary sinus - widest section of vein - seen on inferior view

Front 31

Arteries going up

Back 31

1) aortic arch - arch over top of the heart
* 3 branches from Aortic Arch from R to L (of heart)
2) brachiocephalic Trunk - largest branch off of aortic arch
- right subclavian - under R clavicle
- R common carotid - R side of neck
3) Left common carotid artery - L side of neck
4) Left Subclavian Artery - under L clavicle

Front 32

Arteries of the abdomen

Back 32

1) Thoracic aorta - L of midline; from T5 to T12
2) Abdominal aorta - below diaphragm to where it branches into common iliac arteries
3) Celiac trunk - branches off abdominal anteriorly
- gastric artery - superior and to left
- Hepatic artery - only branch that runs to R
- Splenic artery - horizontal to left, posterior to stomach
4) renal artery - goes to kidneys

Front 33

Arteries of hips and legs

Back 33

1) Common iliac Artery - branches off of abdominal aorta
2) external iliac artery - big one down to leg
3) internal iliac artery - small branch to interior off of common iliac
4) femoral artery - below inguinal ligament to knee - medial side of femur
5) deep femoral artery - branches off the femoral to lateral side of femur

Front 34

Veins of legs and hips

Back 34

1) great saphenous vein - medial side of thigh and leg - longest vein in body
2) femoral vein - thigh - found in femoral triangle
3) deep femoral vein - lateral side of femur
4) external iliac vein - larger branch feeding into common iliac
5) internal iliac vein - medial branch feeding into common iliac

Front 35

veins of abdomen

Back 35

1) inferior vena cava - from union of common iliac veins to R atrium
2) renal vein - from kidneys to inferior vena cava
3) hepatic vein - from liver (on R) to superior part of inferior vena cava

Front 36

Veins above heart

Back 36

1) Superior Vena Cava - union of R & L brachiocephalic veins to R atrium
2) external jugular vein - surface of skull through neck on surface of sternocleidomastoid muscle - to brachiocephalic
3) internal jugular vein - deep to sternocleidomastoid (bigger) - to interior of skull - to brachiocephalic
4) subclavian - under clavicle from each earm to brachiocephalic
5) brachiocephalic - R and L branch into superior vena cava