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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The optic nerve makes what angle with the visual (Sagittal-Y) axis?
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a 23 degrees angle is observed for the optic nerve and what axis?
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What is at the distal end of the optic nerve?
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optic foramen at the apex of the orbit is located at the distal end of what?
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What surrounds the optic foramen and what does it provide?
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The Annulus of Zinn provides the fixed origin for the four rectus muscles and what does it surround?
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What two muscles lie in the same plane as the optic nerve? What angle do they make with the visual axis?
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The superior and inferior rectus muscles lie in the same plane with the ____ and a 23 degree angel is observed between them.
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The medial and lateral rectus action is perpendicular to what axis?
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The z-axis lies in a planed that is perpendicular to the actions of what muscles?
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The superior oblique muscle runs from the apex of the orbit to what structure? What does this structure act as when the muscle is contracted?
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The trochlea acts as a "fixed point" (the physiological origin) for what muscle?
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The SUPERIOR OBLIQUE or it's TENDON run posterior-temporally from the TROCHLEA to its insertion into what quadrant?
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The superior-temporal-posterior quadrant of the globe is the insertion of which what?
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The inferior oblique takes origin from the floor of the orbit below where? it runs where?
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directly below the trochlea, running posterior-temporally
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Where does the inferior oblique insert? How far is it's insertion from the posterior pole?
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to its insertion into the temporal-posterior-inferior quadrant of the globe (about 2 mm from where?)
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The plane of the oblique muscles makes what angle with the optical axis (y-axis) of the eye?
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A 51 degree angle is observed between the plane of the optical axis (y-axis) and what?
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EOM: Medial rectus
Origin: ? |
Origin: common tendonous ring, optic nerve sheath
EOM: ? |
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EOM: Lateral rectus
Origin: ? |
Origing: common tendonous ring, Greater Wing of the Sphenoid
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EOM: Superior rectus
Origin: ? |
Origin: common tendonous ring, optic nerve sheath
EOM: ? |
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EOM: Inferior rectus
Origin: ? |
Origin: common tendonous ring
EOM: ? |
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EOM: Superior oblique
Origin: ? |
Origin: Anatomical: Lesser Wing of the Sphenoid
Physiological: Trochlea EOM: ? |
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EOM: Inferior oblique
Origin: ? |
Origin: Medial Maxillary Bone
EOM: ? |
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EOM: Medial rectus
Insertion: ? |
Insertion: Anterior globe
EOM: ? |
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EOM: Lateral rectus
Insertion: ? |
Insertion: Anterior globe
EOM: ? |
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EOM: Superior rectus
Insertion: ? |
Insertion: Superior Anterior globe
EOM: ? |
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EOM: Inferior rectus
Insertion: ? |
Insertion: Inferior Anterior globe
EOM: ? |
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EOM: Superior oblique
Insertion: ? |
Insertion: Superior, posterior, lateral globe
EOM: ? |
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EOM: Inferior oblique
Insertion: ? |
Insertion: Inferior, posterior, lateral
EOM: ? |
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EOM: Medial rectus
Primary Action: ? Secondary Action: ? |
Primary Action: Adduction
Secondary Action: none EOM: ? |
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EOM: Lateral rectus
Primary Action: ? Secondary Action: ? |
Primary Action: Abduction
Secondary Action: none EOM: ? |
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EOM: Superior rectus
Primary Action: ? Secondary Action: ? |
Primary Action: Elevation
Secondary Action: Adduction, Intorsion |
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EOM: Inferior rectus
Primary Action: ? Secondary Action: ? |
Primary Action: Depression
Secondary Action: Adduction, Extorsion |
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EOM: Superior oblique
Primary Action: ? Secondary Action: ? |
Primary Action: Intorsion
Secondary Action: Depression, Abduction |
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EOM: Inferior oblique
Primary Action: ? Secondary Action: ? |
Primary Action: Extorsion
Secondary Action: Elevation, Abduction |
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When the globe is held by the x-axis, what happens if the superior rectus contracts?
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elevation occurs around the x-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the y-axis, what happens if the superior rectus contracts?
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intorsion occurs around the y-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the z-axis, what happens if the superior rectus muscle contracts?
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adduction occurs around the z-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the x-axis and the inferior rectus contracts what occurs?
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depression occurs in the x-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the y-axis and the inferior rectus contracts what occurs?
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extorsion occurs in the y-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the z-axis and the inferior rectus contract what occurs?
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adduction occurs in the z-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the x-axis and the lateral rectus muscle contracts, what occurs?
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nothing is observed in the x-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the y-axis and the lateral rectus muscle contracts, what occurs?
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nothing is observe in the y-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the z-axis and the lateral rectus contracts, what happens?
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abduction occurs in the z-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the x-axis and the medial rectus contracts, what happens?
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nothing occurs in the x-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the y-axis and the medial rectus contracts, what happens?
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nothing occurs in the y-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the z-axis and the medial rectus contracts, what is observed?
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adduction occurs in the z-axis when what rectus muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the x-axis and the superior oblique muscle contracts, what is observed?
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depression occurs in the x-axis when what oblique muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the y-axis and the superior oblique contracts, what occurs?
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intorsion occurs in the y-axis when what oblique muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the z-axis and the superior oblique contracts, what occurs?
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abduction occurs in the z-axis when what oblique muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the x-axis and the inferior oblique contracts, what occurs?
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elevation occurs in the x-axis when what oblique muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the y-axis and the inferior oblique contracts, what occurs?
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extorsion occurs in the y-axis when what oblique muscle contracts?
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When the globe is held by the z-axis and the inferior oblique contracts, what occurs?
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abduction occurs in the z-axis when what oblique muscle contracts?
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Adduction: Rotation nasally around what axis?
How does the medial rectus contribute to adduction in primary and secondary position? How do the vertical recti contribute? |
Rotation around the z-axis is what?
What muscle is the primary adductor in both primary and abducted position? What muscle(s) aid in adduction? |
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Abduction: Rotation temporally around what axis?
How does the lateral rectus contribute in primary position? How do the obliques contribute? |
Rotation around the z-axis is what?
What muscle is the primary abductor? What muscle(s) aid in abduction? |
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Elevation (aka?): Rotation of the eye upward around what axis?
How does the superior rectus and inferior oblique contribute in the primary position? |
Sursumduction = Rotation around the x-axis is what?
What muscle(s) are the joint primary elevators? |
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Depression (aka?): Rotation of the eye downward around what axis?
How does the inferior rectus and superior oblique contribute in the primary position? |
Deorsumduction = Rotation around the x-axis is what?
What muscle(s) act together as primary depressors? |
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Intorsion: Rotation of the eye toward the nose around what axis?
This is measured by the degree of turning the superior midpoint of what nasally? How do the superior rectus and superior oblique contribute? When does the superior oblique become the intorter? When does the superior rectus become the main intorter? |
y-axis
cornea What muscle(s) are both primary intortors? When the eye is abducted 39 degrees, what muscle is the intorter? When in the adducted position what muscle is the main intorter? |
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Extorsion: Rotation of the eye toward the temple around what axis? measured by the degree of outward turning of the superior midpoint of what?
How does the inferior rectus and inferior oblique contribute? The inferior oblique is the major extorter when? The inferior rectus is the extorter when? |
the y-axis
the cornea What muscles both act as extorters? When the eye is in primary or abducted, what muscle is the major extorter? What muscle is the extorter in the adducted position? |
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Direction of Gaze: Adduction
Agonists: ? |
Agonists: Medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus
Direction of Gaze: ? |
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Direction of Gaze: Abduction
Agonists? |
Agonists: Lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
Direction of Gaze: ? |
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Direction of Gaze: Elevation
Agonists: ? |
Agonists: Superior rectus and inferior oblique
Direction of Gaze: ? |
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Direction of Gaze: Depression
Agonists: ? |
Agonists: Inferior rectus and superior oblique
Direction of Gaze: ? |
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Direction of Gaze: Intorsion
Agonists: ? |
Agonists: Superior rectus and superior oblique
Direction of Gaze: ? |
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Direction of Gaze: Extorsion
Agonists: ? |
Agonists: Inferior oblique and inferior rectus
Direction of Gaze: ? |
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When a muscle contracts, its action is opposed by its what?
Give an example |
An antagonist acts to do what in regard to the action of a muscle contraction.
For example: when the lateral rectus is the antagonist of the medial rectus |
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What must be remembered about secondary position (adduction and abduction positions)?
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what position does this apply?
"it is the position of the insertion relative to the origin (which remains fixed) that determines the direction of the muscle action." |
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What must be done in clinical assessments of ocular motility in order to isolate the depressing and elevating actions of the muscle?
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the patient's eye must move into the extreme position of gaze in order to do what?
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When the eye is adducted to a position in which the vertical rectus muscles can no longer elevate or depress, what is responsible for elevation and depression?
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The oblique muscles are responsible for elevation and depression when what is true of the vertical rectus muscles?
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When the eye is abducted to a position in which the oblique muscles can no longer elevate or depress, what muscles are responsible for elevation and depression?
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The vertical rectus muscles are responsible for elevation and depression when what is true of the oblique muscles?
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What common insertion do all of the Rectus muscles share?
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Spiral of Tillaux
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What common origin do all the rectus muscles share?
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Common tendonous ring = Annulus of Zinn
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Medial Rectus:
Origin Insertion Action |
Common tendonous ring
optic nerve sheath Anterior Globe Adduction only |
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Lateral Rectus:
Origin Insertion Action |
Common tendonous ring
greater wing of sphanoid Anterior Globe Abduction only |
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Superior Rectus:
Origin Insertion Action |
Common tendonous ring
optic nerve sheath Superior, anterior globe elevation adduction, intorsion |
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Inferior Rectus:
Origin Insertion Action |
Common tendonous ring
Inferior, anterior globe depression adduction, extorsion |
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Superior Oblique:
Origin Insertion Action |
Anatomical: lesser wing of spenoid
Physiological: trochlea Superior, posterior, lateral globe Intorsion depression, abduction |
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Inferior oblique
Origin Insertion Action |
Medial Maxillary bone
Inferior, posterior, lateral globe Extorsion elevation, abduction |
