Anatomy Femoral Triangle 10/1

Front 1

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
superior, medial, lateral, base, apex, floor, roof

Back 1

1. Superior inguinal ligament
2. medially adductor longus
3. laterally sartorius
4. base- inquinal ligament
5. Apex- medial border of sartorius crosses medial border of adductor longus
6. Floor- later to medial by ilipsoas, pectineus, and adductor longus
7. Roof- fascia lata and cribriform fascia

Front 2

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Back 2

lateral to medial
NAVEL
nerve- femoral
artery- femoral
empty space- femoral canal
lymphatics- deep inguinal

Front 3

What is the role/location of femoral sheath?

Back 3

1. encloses proximal parts of femoral vessels and femoral canal
a. this allows femoral vessels to glide deep to inguinal ligament during hip joint movements

Front 4

What are the three compartments of femoral sheath/

Back 4

1. lateral (femoral artery)
2. Intermediate (femoral vein)
3. Medial (femoral canal)
not contain femoral nerve!

Front 5

In a laceration of the femoral artery what happens to circulation if it is ligated?

Back 5

cruciate anastomosis may supply blood to the lower extremity

Front 6

What is the main role of the femoral canal? What is it a part of?

Back 6

allows femoral vein to expand during increased venous return (excercise)

1/3 compartments of femoral sheath
(medial)

Front 7

What is significant to the proximal opening of the femoral canal?

Back 7

femoral ring: a loop of small intestine could petrude into this canal which leads to femoral hernia.

Front 8

What ligament do femoral hernias occur under and why are women more prone to get them?

Back 8

under inguinal ligament
because of the wider bone structure of the female pelvis

Front 9

Where is location of inguinal hernia? What are the two types and where are they located?

Back 9

1. indirect
2. direct
Both located superior to inguinal ligament

Front 10

What are the two groups and subgroups of inguinal lymph nodes?

Back 10

1. superficial inguinal lymph nodes
a. proximal (horizontal)
b. Distal (vertical)
2. deep inguinal lymph nodes

Front 11

Where are the two superficial inguinal lymph nodes located?

Back 11

1. proximal- (horizontal)- 1 cm inferior to inguinal ligament
2. Distal (vertical)- along each side of great saphenous vein
- both pass deep to inguinal ligament then into external ilac lymph nodes

Front 12

Label the groups of lymph nodes

Back 12

a. distal (vertical) group/; inferior nodes
b. superolateral of proximal
c. superomedial of proximal

Front 13

Label the deep inguinal lymph nodes and where is it located? Where do they drain into?

Back 13

1-3 along medial side of femoral vein
- inside femoral canal of femoral sheath
- drain into external iliac lymph nodes
a. external iliac lymph nodes
b. femoral nerve
c. femoral sheath
d. femoral canal
e. femoral artery/vein

Front 14

What 4 muscles does the femoral nerve intervate and what is root?
What is 4 and 5?

Back 14

L2-L4
1. illiacus
2. sartorius
3. quadriceps femoris
4. pectineus
a. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
b. anterior (intermediate and medial) cutaneous branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Front 15

Where does the femoral nerve start, enter thigh, go to, and end?
What muscles does it innervate?

Back 15

Starts- in abdomen wit psoas major
Enters thigh- just lateral to middle of inguinal ligament
Supplies- anterior thigh muscles and hip and knee joints
ends- turns into saphenous nerve

Front 16

What might an anterior hip dislocation cause?

Back 16

Femoral nerve damage- located under inguinal ligament
1. meralgia paresthetica- compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
causes pain along lateral thigh down to the knee

Front 17

Which vein is commonly used for coronary artery bypass surgery?

Back 17

great sephanous

Front 18

Describe what the saphenous nerve arises from and where...

What does it innervate and when is it most vulnerable?

Back 18

from femoral nerve in the femoral triangle...
Innervates skin on medial side of knee, leg, and foot
Most vulnerable- on proximal area during surgery to repair varicose veins

Front 19

What is the adductor Canal and where does it end?

Back 19

Starts- apex of femoral triangle and
Ends- adductor hiatus
intermuscular passage or fascial tunnel where femoral vessels reach popliteal fossa

Front 20

What is Adductor hiatus and where does it end?

Back 20

in tendon of adductor magnus
- leads femoral vessels to popliteal fossa

Front 21

What muscles are this thigh?

Back 21

a. vastus medialis muscle
b. vastus lateralis muscle
c. rectus femoris muscle
d. sartorius muscle
e. tensor fasciae latae muscle
f. illipsoas muscle
g. psoas major mscle
h. illiacus muscle

Front 22

1. What is chief arterial supply to lower limb?
2. What is it a continuation of and where does it start?

Back 22

1. femoral artery
2. external iliac artery- starts deep to middle inguinal ligament and lateral to femoral vein

Front 23

What does the femoral artery gives rise to inferiorly in thing?
Name the branches (a and b)

Back 23

- genicular artery

a. articular
b. saphenous

Front 24

Where is femoral artery palpated?

Back 24

between asis and pubic tubercle
- used for radiographic vizualization of the left side of heart and coronary vessels

Front 25

What is the largest branch of femoral artery?
Where does it descend and give rise to?

Back 25

- profunda femoris a.
- descends behinds adductor longus
- gives rise to medial and lateral circumflex femoral a.

Front 26

What is the main blood supplier to femoral head and neck? What artery supplies the small proximal part of the neck and head of the femur?

Back 26

medial circumflex femoral artery

obturator artery

Front 27

Where does the medial circumflex femoral artery pass between?

Back 27

iliopsoas and pectineus toward posterior thigh

Front 28

Label 1-7

Back 28

1. lateral circumflex femoral a. branches
2. ascending branch
3. transverse branch
4. descending branch
5. lateral circumflex femoral artery
6. deep femoral artery
7. medial circumflex femoral artery

Front 29

Label...

Back 29

1. deep circumflex iliac artery
2. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
3. sartorius muscle (cut)
4. ilipsoas muscle
5. tensor fasciae latae muscle (retracted)
6. gluteus medius and minimus muscles
7. femoral nerve
8. rectus femoris muscle
9. ascending, transvers, and descending branches of lateral circumflex femoral artery
10. femoral artery
11. external iliac artery and vein
12. inguinal ligament
13. femoral artery and vein
14. pectineus muscle (cut)
15. obturator canal
16. obturator externus muscle
17. adductor longus muscle (cut)
18. anterior branch of obturator nerve
19. posterior branch of obturator nerve
20. quadratus femoris muscle
21. adductor brevis muscle

Front 30

What muscles does the profunda femoris (deep femoral artery) go through?
What do the perforating arteries supply blood to?

Back 30

anterior to pectineus and posterior to adductor longus

- adductor magnus and hamstring muscles

Front 31

If the femoral or external iliac arteries are obstructed what anastomosis bypasses the obstruction?

Back 31

cruciate anastomosis

Front 32

Where does the femoral vein lie in relation to the femoral artery?

Back 32

medial

Front 33

Where are emergency blood transfusions performed?

Back 33

anterior to medial malleolus on great saphenous vein and graft can be used for coronary bypass surgery

Front 34

What might cause medial side foot paralysis?

Back 34

"saphenous cutdown" due to saphenous nerve