Anatomy - Cvs #2, Artery Ppt

Front 1

Back 1

1. Amniotic cavity
2. Aortic arches
3. Sinus venosus
4. Anterior, common and posterior cardinal veins
5. Dorsal intersegmental arteries
6. Dorsal aorta
7. Umbilical artery
8. Tertiary villus
9. Wall of chorion
10. Umbilical cord
11. Umbilical vein
12. Vitelline artery
13. Yolk sac
14. Vitelline vein
15. Heart
16. Aortic sac
17. Amnion

Front 2

Draw the pericardial sinuses

Back 2

Front 3

Aortic arch derivatives - 1st pair

Back 3

Maxillary artery
External carotid artery

Front 4

Aortic arch derivatives - 2nd pair

Back 4

Stapedius artery

Front 5

Aortic arch derivatives - 3rd pair

Back 5

Proximal: Common carotid artery
distal: Internal carotid artery

Front 6

Aortic arch derivatives - 4th pair

Back 6

Left --> part of aortic arch
Right --> Right subclavian artery
(The distal part of the right sublacvian artery forms from the right dorsal aorta)

Front 7

Origin of left subclavian artery

Back 7

From the 7th intersegmental artery

Front 8

Aortic arch derivatives - 6th pair

Back 8

Left:
I. Proximal --> left pulmonary artery
II. Distal --> ductus arteriosus (Of Botali)

Right - only proximal --> right pulmonary artery

Front 9

Back 9

Front 10

Vitelline artery

Back 10

Several paired arteries carrying blood to the yolk sac from the embryo

Supply yolk sac

(vitellus\yolk --> vitelline duct\yolk stalk)

Front 11

Vitelline arteries - develop from?

Back 11

Develop in vascular supply of gut: celiac trunk, superior & inferior mesenteric trunk

Front 12

Umbilical arteries

Back 12

Paired branches of dorsal aorta

To placenta (allantois) in embryonic stalk (early) \ umbilical cord (later)

Persists as internal iliac arteries and superior vesical artery (proximal pat = pars patens) + medial umbilical ligament (pars occlusa)

Front 13

Embryonic stalk\Yolk stalk\Umbilical duct\Vitelline duct\Omphalomesenteric (omphal-: umbilicus) duct

Back 13

A narrow duct connecting the yolk sac (umbilical vesicle) with the midgut of the early embryo

Front 14

Connecting\Body stalk

Back 14

A bridge of mesoderm connecting the caudal end of the young embryo with the trophoblastic tissues. Is the precursor of part of the umbilical cord

Front 15

Back 15

Front 16

Umbilical cord

Back 16

A flexible structure connecting the umbilicus with the placenta and giving passage to the two umbilical arteries and the umbilical vein

Formed during 5th week from the connecting stalk (contains the yolk sac, yolk stalk and allantois)

(2 feet long, 1cm wide)

Front 17

Meckel diverticulum

Back 17

An outpouching in the small intestine (ileum - 30-90cm from ileocecal sphincter) which corresponds to the omphalomesenteric\vitelline duct remnant located along the antimesenteric border.

(may contain gastric tissue and be associated with peptic-ulcer disease, ulceration, perforation, or pancreatic tissue, or be linked to small bowel obstruction)

Front 18

Yolk stalk\Umbilical duct\Vitelline duct

Back 18

The narrowed connection between the intraembryonic gut and the yolk sac

Its walls are splanchnopleure

Front 19

Splanchnopleure

Back 19

The embryonic layer formed by association of the visceral layer of the lateral plate mesoderm with the endoderm
(splanchno: viscera, pleure: side)

Front 20

Malformation of arteries (5)

Back 20

Malformation of arteries
1. Ductus arteriosus patens
2. Coarctation of aorta
(u located just distal to the left subclavian artery)
3. Arcus aortae duplex
4. Arcus aortae dexter
(Lying to the right of esophagus and trachea, runs right->left in middle of thorax)
5. Arteria lusoria
(An aberrant right subclavian artery arising from the descending aorta, it passes posterior to the esophagus, often producing dysphagia)

Front 21

Layers of arteries

Back 21

Layers of arteries
1. Tunica intima
(Endothelium, subendothelium (CT layer), membrana elastica interna)

2. Tunica media
(Muscular layer, membrana elastica externa)

3. Tunica externa\Tunica adventitia
(Coming from abroad)(layer derived from surrounding tissue)(CT, nervi vasorum, vasa vasorum)

Front 22

Types of arteries

Back 22

1. Elastic\Conducting (many elastic lamella in its tunica media)(elasticity --> Windkessel effect: help to maintain relatively constant pressure)(aorta, pulmonary artery)
2. Muscular\conducting (tunica media composed principally of circularly arranged smooth muscle)

Front 23

Arterioles
a. size
b. characteristic property
c. tunica media characteristic

Back 23

a. 100-200 um

b. main source of peripheral resistance

c. several layers of smooth muscle cells

Front 24

Metarterioes
a. size
b. tunica media characteristic
c. characteristic property

Back 24

a. < 100 um

b. One layer of cells

c. precapillary sphincters

Front 25

capillaries
a. size
b. structure
c. does not contain

Back 25

a. 7 um

b. Endotheliocyte + basement membrane. distinguish between fenestrated capillaries and continuous

c. No nervi vasorum

Front 26

Pericyte\Rouget cell\Adventitial cell\Pericapillary cell
a. what
b. can form what

Back 26

a. One of the slender mesenchymal-like cells found in close association with the outside wall of postcapillary venules & capillaries

b. Relatively undifferentiated - can become fibroblast, macrophage or smooth muscle cell

Front 27

Postcapillary venule\Pericytic venules
a. where
b. size
c. characterized by

Back 27

a. Immediately following capillaries

b. 10-50 um

c. Characterized by investment of pericytes, they are the site of extravasation of blood cells

(particularly sensitive to histamine, believed to be important in blood-interstitial fluid exchanges)

Front 28

Fenestrated capillary
a. where
b. structure

Back 28

a. Renal glomeruli, intestinal villi, endocrine gland

b. ultramicroscopic pores of variable size. usually they are closed by a delicate diaphragm (although diaphragm are lacking in at least some renal glomerular capillaries)

Front 29

Continuous capillary - structure

Back 29

Small vesicles (caveolae) are numerous and pores are absent

Front 30

Caveolae
a. what
b. what can they do
c. function

Back 30

a. Small pocket\vesicles\caves\recess communicating with the outside of a cell and extending inward

b. May be pinched off to form vesicles in the cytoplasm

c. considered to be sites of uptake of materials into the cell and expulsion of materials from cells

Front 31

Veins - characteristics

Back 31

1. Little muscle fibers
2. Valvules
3. Capacity network (70% of blood)

Front 32

Elastic arteries - which

Back 32

1. Aorta
2. Pulmonary trunk
3. Subclavian arteries
4. Axillary arteries
5. Iliac arteries
6. Internal thoracic arteries

Front 33

Vasa vasorum - distribute to

Back 33

Tunica externa & media of the larger blood vessels

Front 34

Types of capillaries

Back 34

1. Somatic capillaries
2. Fenestrated (visceral) capillaries with diaphragms
3. Fenestrated capillaries wo diaphragms (glomeruli in kidney)
4. Sinusoids
5. Glomus\Glomi

Front 35

Somatic capillaries - location, (who has caveolae?)

Back 35

a. muscle, CT, exocrine gland, nervous tissue (all have caveolae except nervous tissue)

Front 36

Fenestrated (visceral) capillaries with diaphragms
a. size of fenestrations
b. where

Back 36

a. 60-80 nm (quick metabolic exchange)

b. kidneys, gut, endocrine glands

Front 37

Sinusoids
a. Size
b. Structure
c. Location

Back 37

a. 30-40 um

b. Structure
1. Large
2. Fenestrations
3. Intercellular clefts
4. Less tight junctions
5. Basal lamina fragmented or missing

c. Hematopoetic organs
1. Liver
2. Spleen
3. Bone marrow
(+Dental pulp)

Front 38

Basal lamina
a. with which cells
b. structure
c. difference from basement membrane - characteristics of bm

Back 38

a. On basal surface of
1. epithelium
2. muscle cells
3. fat cells
4. schwann cells

b.
1. lamina lucida\rara interna (glycoprotein laminin)
2. lamina densa (collagen IV)
3. lamina lucida\rara externa

c. also have lamina reticularis below the 3 other layers, composed of cells of the underlying CT, have fibronectin (not in alveoli and glomeruli of kidneys)

Front 39

Glomus\glomi \ Vessel glomerule
a. Location
b. What

Back 39

a. Location
1. Ball of fingers
2. Nailbeds
3. Auricle
4. Penis\clitoris
5. Uterus

b. Arteriolovenular anastomosis in CT capsule
(The afferent arteriole enters the CT capsule of the glomus, becomes devoid of an internal elastic membrane, and develops a relatively thick epitheliod muscular wall and small lumen, richly innervated with sympathetic nerves, connected with a short, thin-walled vein that drains into a periglomic vein and then into one of the veins of the skin. functions as a shunt- or bypass-regulating mechanism)

Front 40

Capillaries - function

Back 40

Capillaries - Function
1. Permeability - Exchanger vessels
(Diffusion, fenestrations, caveolae, intercellular clefts)

2. Metabolic function
(Endothelium of lung has ACE, inactivation of bradykinin, serotonin & prostaglandins, lipolysis)

3. Anticoagulant function
(Block tissue thromboplastin)

Front 41

Rete mirabile
a. what
b. venous & arterial example

Back 41

a. = Portal system. A vascular network interrupting the continuity of an artery of vein\Capillary beds series-connected

b. Such as occurs in the glomeruli of the kidney (arterial) or in the liver (venous)

Front 42

Arteriovenous (really arteriolovenular) anastomosis

Back 42

a. Have endothelial bulges of intimal cushions with myoepitheliod cells

b.
1. Simple (skin, lungs, kidneys)
2. Composed (glomus coccygeum: median sacral a -> v, associated w paraganglia)

Front 43

Paraganglia\Chromaffin bodies
a. what
b. function

Back 43

a. Small groups of Chromaffin cells connected with the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and the prevertebral ganglia

b. Systemic release of catecholamines

Front 44

Chromaffin cells
a. Type
b. Structure

Back 44

a. Neuroendocrine cells (adrenal medulla, paraganglia)

b. Modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons that systemically release catecholamines

(migrate from the neural crest in the 5th week)

Front 45

Organs blood distribution
a. Heart (coronary arteries)
b. Brain
c. Muscles
d. Viscera
e. Kidneys
f. Skin, skeleton

Back 45

Organ blood distribution
1. Viscera - 35%
2. Kidneys - 20%
3. Muscles - 15%, Brain - 15%
4. Skin, skeleton - 10%
5. Heart (coronary vessels) - 5%

(Stingl)

Front 46

Sinus of pulmonary trunk & ascending aorta

Back 46

A slight dilatation between the wall of the artery and each of the the 3 semilunar cusps

Front 47

Aortic bulb

Back 47

a. The dilated first part of the aorta

b. Contain the aortic semilunar valves and aortic sinuses (right and left give rise to coronary arteries)

Front 48

Variants of vessels of head and neck

Back 48

Variants of vessels of head and neck
1. Artera thyroidea ima
(2%, <- arch of aorta\brachiocephalic trunk)

2. Arteria lusoria
(Aberrant right subclavian artery arising from the descending aorta, it passes posterior to esophagus and often produce dysphagia)

Front 49

External carotid artery - branches (8)

Back 49

ECA - Branches
1. Superior thyroid
(-> Infrahyoid, superior laryngeal, cricothyroid, superior thyroid)

2. Ascending pharyngeal

3. Lingual
(-> Deep lingual, dorsal lingual, sublingual, cross greater horn of hyoid and hyoglossus)

4. Facial
(-> Ascending palatine, tonsillar, superior labial, inferior labial, submental, glandular (submandibular g), lateral nasal. Cross angle of mandible & masseter)

5. Occipital
(Sternocleidomastoid branch)

6. Posterior auricular
(Posterior tympanic branch)

7. Maxillary

8. Superficial temporal
(Parietal, frontal, transverse facial)

Front 50

Maxillary artery - parts, branches

Back 50

Maxillary artery
1. 1st\Mandibular portion
I. Deep auricular
II. Anterior tympanic
III. Middle meningeal
(-> Superior tympanic, ganglionic, posteiror division, anterior division (pterion))
IV. Inferior alveolar
(-> Mylohoid, dental, mental)
V. Accessory meningeal

2. 2nd\Pterygoid portion
I. Deep temporal
II. Muscular
III. Buccal

3. 3rd\Pterygopalatine portion
I. Artery of pterygoid canal
II. Pharyngeal artery
III. Lesser palatine
IV. Greater palatine
V. Sphenopalatine
VI. Posterior superior alveolar
VII. Infra-orbital
(-> Dental, anterior superior alveolar)

(Arise from external carotid in parotid gland)

Front 51

Internal carotid artery - branches in the different parts

Back 51

1. pars cervicalis - no branches
2. pars petrosa (caroticotympanic aa)
3. pars cavernosa (r meningeus, a hypophysialis inferior, rr ganglionares trigeminalis)
4. pars cerebralis (a ophthalmica, a hypophysialis superior, a communicans posterior, a choroidea anterior, a cerebri anterior (orbital, frontal, parietal), a cerebri media (frontal, parietal, temporal), heubner's recurrent striate, medial & lateral striate)

Front 52

Draw cerebral arterial circle of Willis

Back 52

Front 53

Heubner's recurrent striate artery ->?

Back 53

Heubner's recurrent striate artery
1. Striatum
3. Anterior limb of internal capsule

(arise at or just distal to anterior communicating artery)

Front 54

Carotid syphon

Back 54

Carotid syphon
1. Tortuous segment of the ICA from the carotid canal to the point of division to ACA and MCA
2. Beginning of cavernous segment-> distal supraclinoid segment

Front 55

The most common sites of occlusion of the ICA

Back 55

1. The proximal 2cm at its origin
2. Carotid siphon

Front 56

Subclavian artery - branches in the first part

Back 56

1st part - medial to scalenus anterior
1. Vertebral

2. Thyrocervical trunk
(-> Suprascapular, superficial cervical (if dorsal scapular arise with it = transverse cervical), ascending cervical, inferior laryngeal, inferior thyroid)

3. Internal thoracic
(-> Ant. intercostal 1-6, musculophrenic (ant. intercostal 7-9, phrenic), superior epigastric, mediastinal, thymic, sternal, perforating (mammary)

Front 57

Subclavian artery - 2nd part (behind scalenus anterior, 3rd part (lateral)

Back 57

Subclavian artery - 2nd part behind scalenus anterior
1. Costocervical trunk
(-> Deep cervical, superior intercostal (1-2 posterior intercostal)

2. Dorsal scapular

3rd part lateral to scalenus anterior - No branches

Front 58

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency\Beauty Parlour syndrome (BPS)

Back 58

I. Temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow in the posterior circulation of the brain
II. Symptoms: vertigo, diplopia, graying of vision, blurred vision

(The posterior circulation supplies brain stem, cerebellum, thalamus, and occipital cortex. 25% of strokes and TIAs occur here. Can occur when the neck is overextended back into a sink during hairwashing)

Front 59

Vertebral artery - branches

Back 59

Vertebral artery
1. Prevertebral part

2. Cervical part
I. In transverse foramen (C6-C1)
II. Spinal and muscular branches

3. Atlantic part
I. -> Sulcus of vertebral artery -> posterior atlantooccipital membrane -> foramen magnum

4. Intracranial part
I. Meningeal branches, PICA (-> labyrinthine artery), -> basilar

Front 60

Basilar artery - branches

Back 60

Basilar artery
1. AICA (->a labyrinthi)
2. Pontine arteries (3 pairs)
3. Mesencephalic arteries
4. SCA
5. Pqosterior communicating arteries
6. Posterior cerebral artery

Front 61

Axillary artery
a. <-, ->
b. parts

Back 61

a. lateral border of 1st rib -> inferior border of teres major

b. 3 parts related to m pectoralis minor

Front 62

Axillary artery - branches in the different parts

Back 62

a. Medial to pectoralis minor
1. superior thoracic

b. posterior to pectoralis minor
1. thoracoacromial trunk (clavicular, humeral, acromial, pectoral)
2. Lateral thoracic

c. lateral to pectoralis minor
1. subscapular (circumflex scapular (foramen omotricipitale), thoracodorsal)
2. Posterior circumflex humeral (in foramen humerotricipitale with axillary nerve.
3. anterior circumflex humeral

(foramen humerotricipitale\quadrangular space: superior-> shoulder joint, medial -> lateral border of subscapularis, lateral -> surgical neck of humerus, inferior -> tendon of latissimus dorsi)

(foramen omotricipitale: lateral -> tendon of latissimus dorsi, medial -> subscapularis, inferior -> teres major, superior -> teres minor)

Front 63

Brachial artery -
a. from
b. branches

Back 63

a. lower border of teres major
b.
1. profunda brachii (radial collateral -> lateral intermuscular septum -> radial recurrent -> radial, middle collateral -> interosseous recurrent -> posterior interosseous)
2. Superior ulnar collateral (-> medial intermuscular septum -> post. ulnar recurrent -> ulnar)
3. humeral nutrient
4. inferior ulnar collateral (-> ant. ulnar reucrrent -> ulnar)
5. ulnar + radial

(lies on 1st long head of triceps, 2nd medial head, 3rd brachialis)

Front 64

Arteries of hand

Back 64

1. Rete carpi dosrale\Dorsal carpal arterial arch

2. Arcus palmaris profundus\Deep palmar arterial arch

Front 65

\Deep palmar arterial arch
a. where
b. <-
c. ->

Back 65

a. deep to long flexor tendons in hand

b. terminal part of a radialis, deep palmar branch of a ulnaris

c.
1. Palmar metacarpal arteries
2. Princeps pollicis artery (1st palmar metacarpal)
3. A radialis indicis

Front 66

Rete carpi dorsale\Dorsal carpal arterial arch
a. where
b. <-

Back 66

a. dorsal surface of carpal joints

b. <- ant. + post. interosseoous (ulnar), dorsal carpal branches of ulnar + radial

Front 67

Arcus palmaris superficialis
a. where
b. <-
c. ->

Back 67

a. arterial arch located superficial to the long flexor tendons in hand

b. <- termination of superficial ulnar a, (superficial palmar branch of radial)

c. -> common palmar digital arteries

Front 68

Proper digital artery
a. what
b. <-

Back 68

a. pass one on each side of the fingers

b. terminal branches of the common palmar digital aa (superficial arch), anastomose with palmar metacarpal aa (from deep arch) and with dorsal metacarpal aa via perforating branches (dorsal carpal arch)

Front 69

Collateral circulation in case of coarctation of aorta

Back 69

1. Anterior circulation: internal thoracic artery -> superior epigastric -> inferior epigastric

2. Posterior circulation: Subclavian artery -> parascapular arteries -> intercostal arteries