Anatomy Chapter 3: Cells And Tissues

Front 1

cells are made up of primarily four elements:

Back 1

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Front 2

_________carry out all chemical activities

Back 2

cells!

Front 3

cells are about ______% water

Back 3

60%

Front 4

cells vary in length

Back 4

2 micrometers to 3 feet

Front 5

possible cell shapes

Back 5

disk
threadlike
pointed
cubelike

Front 6

3 main regions of the cell

Back 6

cytoplasm, plasma membrane, nucleus

Front 7

nucleus: function

Back 7

control center-- contains instructions for controlling the body
necessary for cell reproduction

Front 8

nucleus: structure

Back 8

nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin

Front 9

nuclear envelope: (nuclear membrane)

Back 9

--semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer
--nuclear pores

Front 10

nucleoli

Back 10

sites where the ribosomes are assembled before they migrate to the cytoplasm

Front 11

chromatin

Back 11

composed of DNA and protein; condense to form chromosomes when the cell divides; runs throughout the cell

Front 12

plasma membrane:structure

Back 12

phospholipid bilayer: semi-permeable--> phosphate hydrophilic heads and lipid hydrophobic tails

Front 13

plasma membrane: function

Back 13

contains the cell contents and separates them from the surrounding enviornment

Front 14

function of proteins scattered in plasma membrane

Back 14

hormone receptors, binding sites, transporting

Front 15

specializations of the plasma membrane

Back 15

microvilli, membrane junctions-- tight, desmosomes, gap

Front 16

membrane junctions

Back 16

desmosomes, gap, tight

Front 17

microvilli:

Back 17

fingerlike projections that increase the surface area of the cell for absorbtion

Front 18

tight junctions:

Back 18

bind cells to other cells--> hold cells together

Front 19

desmosomes

Back 19

anchor the cells together-- last resort stick

Front 20

gap junctions

Back 20

allow communication between cells

Front 21

cytoplasm consists of three main elements

Back 21

cytosol, organelles, inclusions

Front 22

cytosol:

Back 22

fluid that suspends other elements

Front 23

organelles

Back 23

machinery of the cell

Front 24

inclusions

Back 24

non-functioning units: wastes, electrolytes--chemical substances that may or may not be needed

Front 25

cytoplasmic organelles:

Back 25

mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi aparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles

Front 26

mitochondria:

Back 26

sausage shaped--> provide ATP for cellular energy