Anatomy And Physiology Lab 2

Front 1

selectively permeable

Back 1

it allows some things through but not all things

Front 2

filtration

Back 2

a process in which particles are driven through a selectively permeable membrane

Front 3

hydrostatic pressure

Back 3

the force exerted on a membrane by water

Front 4

simple diffusion

Back 4

the net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration as a result of their constant motion

Front 5

concentration gradient

Back 5

when the concentration of a substance differs from one point to another

Front 6

osmosis

Back 6

the net flow of water from one side of a selectively permeable membrane to the other

Front 7

saturation

Back 7

as the solute concentration rises its rate of transport through a membrane increases but only up to a point

Front 8

transport maximum

Back 8

the carriers are saturated, no more are available to handle the increased demand and transport levels off at a rate

Front 9

uniport

Back 9

carries one solute at a time

Front 10

symport/cotransport

Back 10

carries two or more solutes through a membrane simultaneously in the same direction

Front 11

antiport/countertransport

Back 11

carries two or more solutes in opposite directions

Front 12

facilitated diffusion

Back 12

the carrier-mediated transport of a solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient

Front 13

active transport

Back 13

the carrier mediated transport of a solute through a membrane up its concentration gradient using energy provided by ATP

Front 14

sodium potassium pump

Back 14

a prominent example of active transport the carrier is an enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP

Front 15

sodium glucose transport protein

Back 15

in the apical membrane, the cells have a facilitated diffusion carrier, which simultaneously binds Na+ and glucose and carries both into the cell at once

Front 16

Vesicular transport

Back 16

move large particles droplets of fluid or numerous molecules at once through the membrane

Front 17

vesicles

Back 17

a fluid filled tissue sac or an organelle such as a synaptic or secretory vesicle

Front 18

endocytosis

Back 18

vesicular processes that bring matter into a cell

Front 19

exocytosis

Back 19

those that release material from a cell

Front 20

phagocytosis

Back 20

cell eating is the process of engulfing particles such as bacteria, dust, and cellular debris

Front 21

pseudopods

Back 21

a neutrophil spends most of its life crawling about in the connective tissues by means of blunt footlike extensions

Front 22

phagosome

Back 22

a vesicle in the cytoplasm surrounded b a unit membrane

Front 23

pinocytosis

Back 23

cell drinking, is the process of taking in droplets of ECF containing molecules of some use to the cell

Front 24

pinocytotic vesicles

Back 24

these pits soon seperate from the surface membrand and form small membrand bounded in cytoplasm

Front 25

receptor mediated endocytosis

Back 25

a more selective form of either phagocytosis or pinocytosis

Front 26

transcytosis

Back 26

such transport of material across a cell

Front 27

exocytosis

Back 27

the process of discharging material from a cell

Front 28

DNA helicase

Back 28

like a zipper opens up one short segment of the helix at a time exposing its nitrogenous bases

Front 29

replication fork

Back 29

the point where the DNA is opened up like the two halves of a zipper separating

Front 30

DNA polymerase

Back 30

move along each strand read the exposed babes and like a matchmaker arrange marriages with complemetnary free nucleotides

Front 31

DNA ligase

Back 31

the segments are then joined together by another enzyme

Front 32

semiconservative replication

Back 32

each daughter DNA consists of one new helix synthesized from free nucleotides and one old helix conserved from the parental DNA

Front 33

mutations

Back 33

changes in DNA structure

Front 34

cell cycle

Back 34

four phases G1 S G2 M

Front 35

First gap phase

Back 35

an interval between cell division and DNA replication

Front 36

Synthesis phase

Back 36

in which a cell makes a duplicate copy of its centrioles and all of its nuclear DNA

Front 37

Second Gap Phase

Back 37

a relatively brief interval between DNA replication and cell division

Front 38

Mitotic Phase

Back 38

in which a cell replicates its nucleus adn then pinches in two to form two new daughter cells

Front 39

interphase

Back 39

the time between M phases

Front 40

G0

Back 40

some cells leave the cell cycle for a rest and cease to divide for days, years or the rest of ones life

Front 41

mitosis

Back 41

development of an individual composed of some 40 trillion cells from a one celled fertilized egg

Front 42

prophase

Back 42

at the outset of mitosis the chromosomes shorten and thicken, eventually coiling into compact rods that are easier to distribute to daughter cells than the long delicate chromatin of interphase

Front 43

spindle fibers

Back 43

centrioles sprout these, which push the centrioles apart as they grow

Front 44

metaphase

Back 44

chromosomes lie along the midline of cell

Front 45

anaphase

Back 45

centromeres divide into two

Front 46

telophase

Back 46

chromosomes gather at each pole of cell

Front 47

mitotic spindle

Back 47

the spindle fibers now form a lemon shaped array

Front 48

cytokenisis

Back 48

division of the cytoplasm into two cells

Front 49

growth factors

Back 49

chemical signals secreted by blood platelets, kidney cells and other sources

Front 50

contact inhibition

Back 50

the cessation of cell division in response to contact with other cells.