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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lateral and anterior component of cartoid sheath
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internal jugular vein
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center component of carotid sheath
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vagus nerve
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medial-most component of carotid sheath
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common carotid artery
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what nerve does C1 travel with?
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hypoglossal nerve
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what muscle(s) does C1 innervate?
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thyrohyoid
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what nerve fibers form the descendens hypoglossi?
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C1 and C2
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what muscle group does the descendens hypoglossi innervate?
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infrahyoid (strap) muscles
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what nerve fibers form the descendens cervicalis?
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C2 and C3
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at what vertebral level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?
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C4
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what does the internal carotid artery supply?
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the brain (via the circle of Willis)
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what are the branches of the external carotid artery?
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superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal, maxillary
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what gland does the facial artery go through?
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submandibular gland
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what gland does the facial nerve go through?
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parotid gland
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what nerve travels behind the root of the lung?
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vagus nerve
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which vagus nerve innervates posterior esophagus and stomach?
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right vagus nerve
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which vagus nerve innervates anterior esophagus and stomach?
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left vagus nerve
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where does the right phrenic nerve pierce the diaphragm?
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near the opening for the IVC
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where does the left phrenic nerve innervate the diaphragm?
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at the apex of the heart
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where do all cervical sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate from?
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T1 and T2
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where is the stellate ganglion located?
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area of the transverse process of C7 and the neck of the first rib
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where does the stellate ganglion send postganglionic fibers?
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C7, C8, T1, cardiac nerves, spinal nerves
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where is the middle cervical ganglion located?
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transverse process of C6
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where does the middle cervical ganglion send postganglionic fibers?
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C4 and C5
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where is the superior cervical ganglion located?
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transverse processes of C1 and C2
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where does the superior cervical ganglion send its postganglionic fibers?
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C1-C3 or C4
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what lymphatic duct is on the right side of the body?
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right lymphatic duct
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what lymphatic duct is on the left side of the body?
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thoracic duct
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which group of the lymphatic system does all lymph eventually run through?
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deep group
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what three nodes make up the retromandibular node?
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parotid, retroauricular, occipital
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what lymph nodes make up the pericervcial ring (in order of anterior to posterior)?
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submental, submandibular/buccal, parotid, retroauricular, occipital
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what are the three parts of the pharynx?
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nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
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what is the common origin of the constrictor muscles?
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posterior midline raphe
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where does the superior constrictor attach?
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medial pterygoid plate
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where does the middle constrictor attach?
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greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone
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where does the lesser constrictor attach?
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thyroid and cricoid cartilages
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what provides sensory innervation to the pharyngeal constrictors?
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glossopharyngeal nerve
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what provides motor innervation to the pharyngeal constrictors?
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vagus
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which tonsils are referred to as generic tonsils?
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palatine tonsils
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which tonsils are referred to as the adenoids?
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pharyngeal tonsils
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what is the order of the tonsils in Waldeyer's ring from superior to inferior?
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pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, lingual
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where is Waldeyer's ring located?
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at the junction of the oropharynx and nasopharynx
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what makes up the superior thoracic aperture?
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1st rib, T1, superior margin of the manubrium
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what makes up the inferior thoracic aperture?
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T12, 12th rib, along the costal margin
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in what direction does the pump handle mechanism allow for increase?
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anterior posterior direction
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in what direction does the bucket handle mechanism allow for increase?
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lateral direction
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where is the aortic hiatus located?
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level of T12
right in front of the vertebra, deviated slightly left |
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where is the esophageal hiatus?
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level of T10
left of midline |
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where is the foramen for the inferior vena cava?
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level of T8
most anterior, on right side |
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in what direction does contraction of the diaphragm allow for increase?
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vertical
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which side is the diaphragm higher on?
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right side (4th intercostal space vs 5th intercostal space)
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on which side is the azygos vein located?
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right side
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on which side is the hemiazygos (and possibly accessory hemiazygos) vein located?
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left side
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where does the azygos vein drain?
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directly into the SVC
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where does the hemiazygos vein drain?
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azygos vein or left brachiocephalic vein
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where is the mediastinum located?
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between the two pleural cavities
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what important structures are located in the superior mediastinum?
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brachiocephalic trunk, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, left subclavian artery, left common carotid artery, ESOPHAGUS AND TRACHEA, aortic arch
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what important structure is located in the middle mediastinum?
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the pericardial sac and contents (heart)
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what important structures are located in the anterior mediastinum?
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adipose tissue
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what important structures are located in the posterior mediastinum?
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aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein
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how many lobes do each lung have?
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3 on right, 2 on left
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which lung has a horizontal fissure?
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right lung
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which lung has a cardiac notch and lingula?
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left lung
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which type of alveolar cells produce surfactant?
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type II
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which type of alveolar cells are squamous cells?
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type I
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which type of alveolar cells are cuboidal cells?
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type II
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where in the lungs does gas exchange occur?
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alveoli
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what is the function of the pulmonary arteries?
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carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
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what is the function of the bronchial arteries?
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carry oxygenated blood to lung tissue
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what is the function of the pulmonary veins?
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carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
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what is the function of the bronchial veins?
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drains oxygen-poor blood from larger airways
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what does the superior right pulmonary vein drain?
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superior and middle right lobes
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what does the superior left pulmonary vein drain?
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superior left lobe
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what does the inferior right pulmonary vein drain?
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inferior right lobe
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what does the inferior left pulmonary vein drain?
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inferior left lobe
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what nerve fibers contribute to the phrenic nerve?
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C3, C4, C5
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what is the base of the heart?
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posterior surface, consists of mostly left atrium and some of right atrium
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what is the apex of the heart?
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anterior, inferior, and to the left of the base
consists entirely of left ventricle |
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what is the right pulmonary surface of the heart?
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primarily right atrium
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what is the left pulmonary surface of the heart?
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primarily left ventricle
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what is the diaphragmatic surface of the heart?
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inferior surface
primarily left ventricle and small portion of the right ventricle |
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what occurs at the crux?
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intersection of the coronary sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus
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what is the primary part of the sternocostal surface of the heart?
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right ventricle
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what branches off of the right coronary artery?
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right marginal (acute) artery and posterior interventricular artery
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what branches off of the left coronary artery?
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anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery
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what branches off of the anterior interventricular artery?
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diagonal arteries
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what branches off of the circumflex artery?
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left marginal (obtuse) artery and posterior artery of the left ventricle
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what is the first diagonal branch off of the anterior interventricular artery?
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ramus intermedius
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what do the diagonal branches supply?
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the left ventricular wall
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what does the posterior interventricular artery supply?
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right and left ventricles
posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum |
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what vein travels alongside the anterior interventricular artery?
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great cardiac vein
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what vein travels alongside the posterior interventricular artery?
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middle cardiac vein
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what vein travels alongside the right marginal artery artery?
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small cardiac vein
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what vein travels alongside the posterior artery of the left ventricle?
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posterior vein of the left ventricle
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where do the SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus drain?
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into the right atrium
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what are the ridges located in the right atrium?
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pectinate muscles
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what is the smooth part of the right atrium?
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sinus venous cavarum
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what valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
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tricuspid valve
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what is the rough wall of the right (and left) ventricle called?
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trabeculae carnae
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what muscles are located in the ventricles?
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papillary muscles
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what attach to the AV valves to prevent backflow?
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chordae tendinae
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what is the purpose of the moderator band?
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connects the interventricular septum with the anterior papillary muscle
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what is the semilunar valve connected to the right ventricle?
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pulmonary semilunar valve
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what valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
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bicuspid/mitral valve
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which chamber of the heart is the thickest?
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left ventricle because it pumps the blood to systemic circulation
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which semilunar valve is connected to the left ventricle?
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aortic valve
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what is the order of nodes for heart conduction?
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sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, R & L AV bundles of His, purkinje cells
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where is the apex of the heart located?
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5th intercostal space, left of the mid-clavicular line
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what is the first heart sound you hear?
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closing of AV valves
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what is the second heart sound you hear?
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closing of semilunar valves
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where can you listen for the mitral valve?
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over apex of heart
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where can you listen for the tricuspid valve?
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over 4th intercostal space near the left edge of the sternum
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where can you listen for the aortic valve?
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over the 2nd intercostal space near the right edge of the sternum
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where can you listen for the pulmonary valve?
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over the 2nd intercostal space near the left edge of the sternum
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where does pressure increase when a baby takes its first breath?
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aorta, left ventricle, left atrium
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where does pressure decrease when a baby takes its first breath?
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pulmonary trunk, right ventricle, right atrium
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when the two septa fuse in babies, what is typically formed?
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fossa ovale
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what is atrial septal defect?
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opening in the interatrial septum
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what is ventricular septal defect?
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opening in the interventricular septum
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what is patent ductus arteriosus?
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ductus arteriosus remains open and allows passage of blood between aorta and pulmonary trunk
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what is the tetralogy of Fallot?
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infundibular stenosis
ventricular septal defect overriding aorta right ventricular hypertrophy |
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Motor branches of cervical plexus
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C1-3
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