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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pre-Civil War |
-Growing sectionalism in US. -NE was most powerful part of US --Manufacturing/Shipping --Founding fathers/territories |
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Pre-Civil War South |
-Most powerful politically and materially -They had all the resources |
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Pre-Civil War Mid-West |
-Meat packing -Grain production -Sparsely populated -TN - was gateway to West |
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Civil War |
- Dates 1861-1865 (mid-19th cen) -"Revolution" -"Independence" -"2nd Independence" |
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Civil War South |
-11 states - 5.5 mil pop. -3.5 mil blacks -1 mil casualties -610,000 people dead -South plunged into abject poverty. Still like this. |
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Civil War North |
- 24 states - 22 mil pop -80% of US factories -70% railroads -Navy |
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Post-Civil War |
-Rapid expansion to the West -Unregulated immigration -Development of the West -Completion of the Trans-continental railroad - |
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Opening and Closing of the West |
1861-1869 |
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Industrial Revolution |
-Rise of "the city" -Immigrant Poverty (urbanization) -American Id changes "romance of business" -Success/the US dream = $$ -Religion - traditional ideas change -Social climate tension -Social friction changes religion |
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"isms" |
-Formal schools of thought -Pre-realism = Romanticism (Hawthorne, Melville, Poe, Emerson, Cooper, Irving) |
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Realism |
1865-1914 |
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Romanticism |
-Ambiguity (No specific time or log) - Verities of human heart (truths) - Shadows? - Optimistic: People want to/can be better |
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Pre-Civil War "Lit-er-a-ture" |
High culture literature |
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Pop Culture Post-CW |
-Low culture -Mass reading |
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Post- CW characteristics |
-Industrialization -Rise of realism. Rise of local color -Rise of the American Novel -Call to be realistic. Reaction against romantics -Tell real (detailed) story of American life -Cheap printing -Shift in type of lit (vs poem) |
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Local Color |
Part of realism that captures reality of a particular place |
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Regional writing |
Captures: -Manner -Customs -Language -Music -Hobbies |
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2 types of Realism
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- Genteel Realism vs Naturalism |
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Genteel Realist Authors |
-W.D. Howells -Henry James -Mark Twain -Kate Chopin -Charlotte Perkins Gilman |
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Howells's Definition of Realism |
-It is "simply a matter of telling the truth about the impulses, motivations, and principles of people." |
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W. D. Howells |
-Leading figure in realism - Defined and supported it -Editor of two major newspapers -Basically told people what they should be reading (Oprah) |
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Verisimilitude |
- Truthful -Truthfulness |
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Realism Characteristics |
1. Faithful rep of reality and Am life 2. Objectivity of reality descriptions 3. Preference for the here and now 4. Material drawn from common life 5. Ordinary people facing ordinary problems 6. Importance of class structure 7. Use of vernacular (local color/regional writing) |
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Realism Characteristics cont. |
-Fabric of Am was changing -REMAINS relatively optimistic about possibilities. We can be better. |
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Spanish/American War |
-Media competition. Hurst vs. Pulitzer -Yellow journalism. -Sensational headline = $$$ -Pushing against idea of God - "A splendid little war" -Questioning where out ideas come from! |
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Pocket Providence |
-God is on Am side no matter what happens. Idea of pulling God out whenever it's convenient |
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Initiation |
When a character moves from innocence and ignorance to knowledge and experience. -Idealism to realism. |
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The West |
Romance/Realism About... -Geography -Ideology -Gold -Cowboys - Freedom - Rugged Individualism -Destiny -Civilization vs the wilderness (rules vs the wild west) |
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Dime Novel |
-1860-1910 - Small pocket-sized books. Cheap printing. - Cost 5-10c. Sensationalized west stories. - Formula Fiction -Cheap literature. not "lit-er-a-ture" -Pop fiction of time. West stereotypes come from here. |
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Dime Novel Formula |
-Comes from Cooper's Leather Stocking Tales -Captivity -Journey -Escape -Resolution -hero (cowboy). Job to impose order. White hat, well built. Exists in civilization and wilderness. |
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Women in Dime Novels |
1. School teacher/school marm 2. Whore with a heart of gold 3. Hardened praire-woman *If marries cowboy, she eventually dies. |
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Myth of the West |
- Perpetrated by Brett Harte and the Dime Novels -Romanticization of the wildnerness |
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Demystification of the West |
-Goal of Twain. Twain hated Harte |
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Vernacular |
-Language was liberated by Twain -When you put into lit the way people actually talked. |
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Backwoods humor |
-Came from men's magazines -By edu white men for edu white men -Bragging, hunting, fishing, politics, religion, women -Hypermasculine -Racy -George Washington Harris - popular BH author |
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BH language |
-Coloquial phrasing - local color -Phonetic - could be read out loud |
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Sound Heart vs. a Deformed Conscience |
- Concept believed by Twain -All men are born good, but we become products of culture. As we engage in culture, our conscience is deformed. |
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Cult of True Womanhood |
-Set of rules/principles that women were to abide by -Piety -Submission -Obedience -Domesticity "huswifery" -Defined women and how women defined they're value |
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Twain greatest contribution to Am lit |
Huckleberry Finn |
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Amoral vs. Moral choice |
-Amoral choice is a choice that has no morals (chopin viewed sex as amoral) -moral choice has specific good or bad morals |
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Adultery as Affirmation |
Adultery is presented, but the woman is not punished for it. It is viewed as amoral. -The storm |
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Suicide as affirmation |
-Again presented with objectivity -Way to assert personal sovereignty -Amoral -Desiree's Baby |
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Drawing Room Naturalism |
-Being born into money was also a crushing environmental force -Troubles of the rich -Expectations -Pressures |
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Forces beyond an individual's control |
-Environmental (Class) /Biological (Race/gender) |
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Old NY |
1850s-1890 -Clearly defined upper class - Rich NY was a closed society -Fought to control NY |
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The Other Two is an almost perfect short story |
-The individual fully engaged in the social world -manners -customs -codes -rules -traditions |
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Personal Sovereignty |
-Being in charge of oneself -Not having others control you -Exercising your power as a human being to control what happens to you. |
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Conjure |
- To turn one thing into another - Conjure woman (witch of sorts) - Conjure tales (stories feat. a conjure woman) -Spiritual tradition linked to Africa -Magic and superstition |
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3 races |
- Plessy vs Ferguson (1896) - 3 races white, black mulatto (lighter black, mixd blood) -Rejected by whites, accepted by blacks (but "step down") -1850-1915 -miscegenation (mixed races, mixed blood) |
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Call and response |
- A type of storytelling - storyteller calls, community responds (like a chorus) - Originated with slave hollers - Gospel music today! |
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Frame Tale |
-A story within a story - Po' Sandy - Anne and John kitchen story - Po' Sandy story |
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Trickster tale |
- A story that features a mischievous figure who subverts the power (Uncle Julius) - GW Harris - Uncle Remus tales |
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Rise of AA lit |
- (Chesnutt) Local color writing - Indirection and indictment (resistance and protest) - Crafting ID (slavery destroys id) - Call and response - Double consciousness "wearing the mask" - AA culture motivated by self-preservation |
