Acsm Domain I

Front 1

pronation of the radioulnar joint occurs in:

a.Multiple planes.

b)The frontal plane.

c)The sagittal plane.

d)The transverse plane.

Back 1

transverse plane

Front 2

Which of the following is a primary disadvantage of utilizing field tests to predict VO2max?a)More personnel may be required depending on the size of the group. b)Outdoor testing is limited by environmental conditions. c)They are dependent on client effort. d)Some field tests may require advanced motor skills to complete

Back 2

They are dependent on client effort.

Explanation:Field tests can be more subjective in nature, largely because of the dependency on client effort, and therefore are not as reliable as laboratory tests for assessing CRF.

Front 3

Which of the following joints favors mobility over stability?a)Knee b)Glenohumeral c)Ankle d)Thoracic spine

Back 3

Glenohumeral

Explanation:The shoulder has a high degree of mobility; as a result, the shoulder region is very unstable

Front 4

Which of the following guidelines are indicated for pregnant women who have been medically cleared for exercise?a)Walk daily using a rate of perceived exertion of "fairly light." b)Exercise most days of the week at an intensity of 75% of maximal heart rate. c)Exercise most days of the week at an intensity of 75% of VO2max. d)Exercise at moderate intensity for at least 150 minutes weekly.

Back 4

Exercise at moderate intensity for at least 150 minutes weekly.

Explanation:If exercise is not contraindicated, pregnant women can follow the ACSM and Surgeon General’s recommendations to accumulate a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise weekly

Front 5

Impaired glucose tolerance is consistent with which of the following?a)Dyslipidemia b)Type 1 diabetes c)Type 2 diabetes d)Prediabetes

Back 5

Prediabetes

Explanation:Impaired glucose tolerance is a condition of prediabetes where blood glucose is elevated between 100 and 125 mg · dL−1following an oral glucose tolerance test on two separate occasions

Front 6

Given the following complete health and medical history, which client has one risk factor?a)A physically active 55-year-old female b)A 46-year-old male with cholesterol of 208 mg · dL−1 who desires to begin training for his first marathonc)A 32-year-old male with family history of heart disease and prediabetes d)A 21-year-old female who has slight scoliosis with tightness on left hip abductors

Back 6

A

Front 7

You observe an exaggerated outward curve of the thoracic spine. This postural deviation is known as:a)Lordosis. b)Sway back. c)Kyphosis. d)Flat back. (p. 273 )

Back 7

The thoracic spine has a natural kyphotic curve. A postural deviation here is technically known as "hyperkyphosis

Front 8

Movement toward the midline in the transverse plane describes which term?a)Adduction b)Horizontal abduction c)Abduction d)Horizontal adduction

Back 8

Horizontal adduction

Explanation:Movement toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane is usually used to describe horizontal humerus movement when the shoulder is flexed at 90°.

Reference:American College of Sports Medicine ACSM’s Resources for the Exercise Physiologist, p. 125.

Front 9

Which of the following should be avoided in hypertensive clients?a)Eccentric muscle contractions b)Isometric muscle contractions c)Isokinetic muscle contractions d)Concentric muscle contractions

Back 9

isometric muscle contractions

Explanation:Clients with hypertension should primarily engage in aerobic endurance activities. They should avoid activities that emphasize isometric muscle actions as these may result in hypertensive responses

Front 10

eccentric definition

Back 10

lengthening of the muscle

Front 11

isometric definition

Back 11

exercise or isometrics are a type of strength training in which the joint angle and muscle length do not change during contraction (compared to concentric or eccentric contractions, called dynamic/isotonic movements).

Front 12

isokinetic definition

Back 12

muscle contraction is one in which the muscle contracts and shortens at constant rate of speed. This type ofmuscle contraction usually requires special, expensive training equipment that increases the load as it senses that the muscle contraction is speeding up.

Front 13

concentric definition

Back 13

occurs when the muscle shortens

Front 14

To obtain the health benefits of aerobic exercise, individuals should accumulate at LEAST:

Back 14

75 minutes per week of vigorous-intensity exercise.CorrectExplanation:For substantial health benefits, individuals should accrue at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes per week of vigorous-intensity exercise

Front 15

An assumption of risk, also known as

Back 15

an informed consent, is a document that explains the risks of participation in physical activity and indicates that the participant acknowledges the inherent risks involved

Front 16

There is also an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury associated with exercise. The most common musculoskeletal injuries, regardless of gender, occur where?

Back 16

occur in the lower body, particularly at the knee or foot

Front 17

"Superior" is a basic descriptive term used to describe

Back 17

he position of a body part that is above another body part or refers to an upper surface of an organ or structure. In this instance, the levator scapulae is located above the latissimus dorsi

Front 18

A posterior pelvic tilt produces lumbar ________ and an anterior pelvic tilt produces lumbar ________.

Back 18

Flexion; extension

Front 19

When performing pulse palpation during and after exercise, the BEST location to utilize is the:

Back 19

Radial pulse.(wrist)

Explanation:If the pulse palpation technique is to be used during and after exercise to assess HR, palpation of the radial artery may be a superior choice to the carotid artery because of the possibility of activating the carotid baroreceptors and inducing a reduction in HR, SV, TPR, and MAP.

Front 20

For individuals younger than 30 years of age, the most common cause/s of sudden cardiac death is/are:

Back 20

congenital and hereditary abnormalities

Front 21

During pregnancy, resistance and flexibility exercises in the supine position should be avoided to prevent which of the following?

Back 21

Orthostatic hypotension

Explanation:The supine position may obstruct venous blood flow return to the heart and may result in orthostatic hypotension, which may lead to lightheadedness and fainting.

is a form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up from sitting or lying down.

Front 22

Per the latest ACSM position stand, the MINIMUM threshold of frequency for aerobic exercise is

Back 22

Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise should be done at least 5 days per week or vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise done at least 3 days per week or a combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise done at least 3 days per week.

Front 23

fick equation

Back 23

Stroke volume, heart rate, and a-VO2 differenceExplanation:The Fick equation demonstrates that VO2max is dictated by maximal cardiac output (SVmax × HRmax) and maximal arteriovenous oxygen difference

Front 24

Ankle edema may be indicative of which of the following

Back 24

Congestive heart failureExplanation:Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the veins of the lower leg cannot pump enough blood back to the heart

Front 25

What type of blood pressure response to acute exercise is seen in children that is different when compared with adults?

Back 25

SBP decreases and DBP decreases.

Explanation:The physiological response to acute exercise in children is comparable to that in their adult counterparts. An exception here is SBP decreases (usually increases with adults) and DBP decreases (usually no change or slight increase)

Front 26

Concentric contraction of the triceps brachii muscle causes ____________ in the _____________plane.

Back 26

Extension; sagittal

Front 27

risk factors:

age

Back 27

men 45 or older

women 55 or older

Front 28

risk factor

Back 28

myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death before 55 in father or 1st degree male relative or before 65 years of age in mother or first degree female relative

Front 29

risk factor: smoking

Back 29

s

Front 30

You discover the following information about Rosalyn, your new 54-year-old female client:BMI = 24.3 (68 inches, 160 lbs)Total cholesterol: 190 mg · dL−1HDL cholesterol: 62 mg · dL−1Blood pressure: 128/84 mm Hg with antihypertensive medicationFormer smoker: quit 2 months agoFamily history: Father diagnosed with coronary heart disease at age 54Walks to work 8 minutes each way

how many risk factors?

Back 30

-1 for HDL

+1 for BP meds

+1 for smoking

+1 for sedentary

Front 31

Syncope is defined as

Back 31

temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure

Front 32

How many ATP molecules are produced when glycogen is broken down into pyruvate?

Back 32

dont know

Front 33

which one of the following is designed to modify blood cholesterol levels?

1.Nitrates

2. beta blockers

3. antihyperlipidemics

4. aspirin

Back 33

*antihyperlipidemics: control blood lipids, especially cholesterol and LDL

1. are antianginals, used to decrease pain associated with angina pectoris

2. beta blockers are used to decrease blood pressure, by inhibiting the action of adrenergic neurotransmitters at the beta receptors, thereby decreasing Q (cardiac output)

4. used to control how blood platelets stick together (thins blood)

Front 34

what represents 90% of the fat stored in the body and is composed of a glycerol molecule connected to 3 fatty acids

Back 34

* triglyceride: 1 glycerol molecule connected to 3 fatty acid molecules

fatty acids are identified by the amount of saturation ( single or double bonds) that are linked to carbon atoms.

saturated fatty acids have single bonds.

monounsaturated fatty acids have one double bond

polyunsaturated have two or more double bonds

Front 35

limited flexibility in which of the following muscle groups increases the risk of low back pain?

quads

hamstrings

hip flexors

biceps femoris

Back 35

hamstrings: activities that will enhance or maintain musculoskeletal flexibility should be included as part of a comprehensive preventative exercise program

Front 36

the horizontal plane passing through the midsection of the body and dividing it into upper and lower portions

Back 36

transverse

Front 37

what BP is characterized as hypertension in adults

Back 37

140/90 and above 140 systolic OR 90 diastolic, as measured on two separate occasions

Front 38

to promote weight loss, cardiovascular endurance exercise should be performed how often:

Back 38

at least 30-60 mins, totaling 150-300 mins a week at moderate intensity (40-60% of max HR)

Front 39

for adults with arthritis what are 6 principles of exercise

Back 39

- progression in duration of activity should be emphasized over increased intensity

-physical activity should be completed at the same time every day.

-avoid all joint movement during periods of acute flares and inflammation

- water exercises may help alleviate pain and stiffness

-vigorous, highly repetitive exercises should be avoided

-people with arthritis may be anemic due to regular use of nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs causing gastrointestinal bleeding.

-for those with RA, morning exercises should be avoided

-arthritis means "joint inflammation"

Front 40

uncoordinated gait, headache, dizziness, vomiting and elevated body temp are signs of

Back 40

heat stroke and heat exhaustion: a combination of the metabolic heat generated from exercise accompanied by dehydration and electrolyte loss from sweating. exercise must be stopped. person should be placed supine with feet up and cooled down by any means possible.

Front 41

regular exercise will result in what chronic adaptation in cardiac output (Q) during exercise at the same workload?

Back 41

no change. Q does not change because the person is performing the same workload, thus the response of Q is the same

Front 42

what condition is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density

Back 42

osteoporosis: producing bone porosity and fragility

Front 43

borg scale (6-20) for the general public, moderate intensity should be maintained between what

Back 43

12 and 16

Front 44

rotation of the anterior surface of a bone toward the midline of the body is called

Back 44

medial rotation

Front 45

Q can be calculated how?

Back 45

multiplying HR and stroke volume. during dynamic exercise Q increases with increasing exercise intensity. Stroke volume will only increase at approximately 40-50% of VO2max. about 50%, Q only increase by increased HR

Front 46

a source of intimal injury thought to initiate the process of atherogenesis is

Back 46

Initial causes of CAD are thought to be an irritation of or an injury to the tunica intima (innermost layer of the wall) of the blood vessel.

source of the initial injury are thought to be:

dyslipidemia

hypertension

turbulence of blood flow within the vessel

immune responses

smoking

vasoconstrictor substances

Front 47

1.what could be an alternative to the contraindicated plough exercise

2. alternative to full squat

3. alternative to full neck rolls

4. flexion with what is considered a contraindication and high-risk

Back 47

1.double knees to chest.

2. squat to 90 degrees

3. lateral neck stretch

4. rotation

Front 48

what are some psychological benefits of exercise for elderly

Back 48

-increased self-concept

-life satisfaction

-self-efficacy

-reduced psychological stress

-increased appetite is not (not psychological)

Front 49

when training children

Back 49

-increasing the rate of training intensity more than approximately 10% per week increases the likelihood of overuse injuries of bone

-exercise programs should increase physical fitness in the short term and long term

-strength training in youth carries no greater risk of injury than comparable strength training programs in adults if done properly

-children should partake in SEVERAL BOUTS of PA lasting 15 mins or more each day.

-Active play over exercise should be encouraged.

-exposing children to a wide variety (different modes) of PA is suggested to enhance adherence

-if a child cannot perform 8 reps with good form, the weight is too heavy.

-1RM should be performed with children

- children should perform 8-15 reps

-do not focus on the resistance as much as participation and form

Front 50

which components of the exercise prescription work inversely with each other?

Back 50

intensity and duration should be considered together and are inversely related. similar improvements may be seen if an individual works longer at a lower intensity or shorter at a higher intensity.

Front 51

plyometrics

Back 51

-not encouraged for older individuals due to joint issues, as well as decreased flexibility and balance.

-high risk of acute musculoskeletal injury

- a method of strength and power training that involves an eccentric loading of muscles and tendons followed immediately by an explosive concentric contraction

-most studies have shown no significant difference in power when comparing plyo with with HIIT

Front 52

FITT principles: how many reps should an elderly individual perform on each resistance exercise

Back 52

6-8

research shows that one set is all that is necessary to adequately strengthen in the elderly population.

muscular endurance is more important in this population than strength or power. higher reps are performed.

Front 53

which of the follow resistance exercise would strengthen both the biceps and latissimus dorsi?

deadlift

back extension

chin up

upright row

pushups

crunches

pec deck flyes

Back 53

chin-ups: biceps, latissimus dorsi and rhomboids

deadlifts: only lats, hams, glutes

back extension: low back, glutes and hamstrings

upright row: biceps, deltoids, traps

Push- ups: chest and triceps

crunches: abs and hip flexors

pec flyes: chest

Front 54

at 6 MET intensity, an individual who has a 10 met max capacity fitness level would be at what intensity classification?

Back 54

moderate 40-60%

Front 55

equation for HRR (karvonen equation)

Back 55

look up

Front 56

what are the three training principles that you need to consider when prescribing exercise for individuals

Back 56

Overload, Specificity, Progression

Front 57

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Back 57

PNF is a stretching technique that combines the use of isometric contractions with passive static stretching.

requires the use of a partner

takes more time that other stretching methods

Front 58

SBP is an indicator of what?

Back 58

Q, the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in 1min.

Q normally increases as workload increases

thus, SBP should increase with an increased workload. if they are not increasing with exercise that is an indicator of an abnormal response.

Front 59

most sedentary who begin an exercise program are likely to quit in what time frame

Back 59

3-6 months

Front 60

exercise testing in older adults is done:

Back 60

- to evaluate progress

-exercise prescription

-motivation

-education

Front 61

1.reinforcement

2. positive consequences

3. intrinsic rewards

4. extrinsic (external)

Back 61

1. the positive or negative consequences for performing or not performing a behavior

2. rewards that motivate behavior. can include both intrinsic or extrinsic

3. benefits gained because of the rewarding nature of the activity (being stronger)

4. external rewards received from others including encouragement, praise or material reinforcement

Front 62

to SUSTAIN weight loss in adulthood they should participate in at least _____min of daily moderate intensity PA, while not exceeding caloric intake requirements

Back 62

60-90 mins daily to sustain

60 to manage body weight and prevent gains

30 mins daily to reduce risk of chronic disease

Front 63

an important safety consideration for exercise equipment in a fitness center includes

Back 63

flexibility of equipment to allow for different body sizes.

facilities are required to meet the standard of care for exercise safety.

equipment must have correct anatomic positioning, ability to adjust to different body types, quality design, and materials, durability, repair records and price

Front 64

what is the purpose of agreements, releases and consent forms

Back 64

to inform the client of participation risks, as well as the as the rights of the client and the facility.

should clearly describe!

must be signed meaning they are accepting some responsibility.

informed consent provides an explanation of the test to the client

Front 65

after 30 yrs of age, what happens to skeletal muscle

Back 65

-muscle strength begins to decline, due to a loss of muscle mass caused by a loss of muscle fibers.

-However, muscle fiber lose is NOT linear, with most decline happening after 50.

-by 80 the strength loss is usually at 30-40% because of lose of muscle fibers and atrophy of remaining fibers

Front 66

what are the 3 most common tests for muscular endurance

Back 66

- bench press: weight lifted in cadence with a timing device. scored by the number done in cadence and proper form

-push up: on knees for women. as many as can be done without pausing

- curl up (abdominal crunch) in cadence of 25 per minute or as many as can be done in 1 min

Front 67

overuse injury

Back 67

usually caused from cardiovascular exercise that intensity, duration and frequency are increased to quickly

Front 68

ACSM recommends that exercise intensity be prescribed within what percentage of HRmax range

Back 68

60-90%

ACSM recommends intensity be between 64%-70% and 94% of HRmax

or between 40-50% and 85% of O2 uptake (VO2maxR)

-those at lower fitness levels will see improvements at lower intensities.

age, fitness level, medications, overall health, and individual goals should all be considered when deciding exercise intensity.

Front 69

ACSM recommends how many reps for muscular endurance and strength?

Back 69

8-12

Front 70

-what is the definition of progressive overload:

-what are some examples of how to progressively overload the muscular system via resistance training

Back 70

- a principle of training that states that the stress on the musculoskeletal system needs to progressively increase in order to keep producing greater force.

-increase amount of resistance lifted.

-perform more sets per muscle group

-increase days per week the muscle groups are trained

Front 71

what is the recommended rest interval between sets of resistance training exercises?

Back 71

2-3mins, allows

Front 72

for novice trainees, how many sets of each resistance exercise are needed to improve muscular strength?

Back 72

1.

the baseline weight training fitness level of a unexperienced trainee is quite minimal.

therefore and in the beginning of a training program one set is enough to fatigue the muscolskeletal system

Front 73

exercise adherence is increase when what?

Back 73

-both situational and personal factors

-social and health care provider support

-regular schedule of exercise is established

-muscle soreness or injury is minimal

-individual, attainable goals at IDed

Front 74

with chronic exercise what is the result of Q at rest

Back 74

no change. stroke volume increases at rest as a result of increased time for ventricular filling and an increased myocardial contractility. little to no change occurs to Q at rest because the decline in HR is compensated for by the increase in stroke volume

Front 75

-kyphosis

-lordosis

-MS

-Osgood-schlatters disease

-chondrosis

Back 75

-posterior thoracic curvature

-anterior thoracic curvature

-chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease

-inflammation of the growth plate in the tibial tuberosity

-softening of the articular cartilage

Front 76

fitness assessment. ID the recommended order of administration

Back 76

-resting values (HR, BP, O2), and flexibility, body comp., cardio fitness, muscular strength, .

some body composition tests are sensitive to hydration and some cardio and muscular fitness tests dehydrate.

nonfatiguing tests should be performed first followed by tests that stress the phosphagen system (shorter recovery) followed by tests that stress the other energy systems.

Front 77

what is the best way to improve aerobic fitness

Back 77

large muscle group activity performed in rhythmic fashion over prolonged periods facilitates the greatest improvements. think cardio. not weight lifting. to do aerobic or anaerobic should be determined by the specificity and goals of the individual.

Front 78

in a commercial setting clients should be more or less extensively screened for potential health risks?

Back 78

more extensively screened. at minimum, a personal medical history should be taken. additionally, present medical status should be examined/questioned regarding the use of medication

Front 79

generally, low-fit or sedentary persons may benefit from:

Back 79

shorter duration, lower intensity, and higher frequency of exercise.

the number of times per day or per week that a person exercises is interrelated with both the intensity and the duration of activity.

low-fit individuals may benefit from multiple short-duration, low- intensity exercise sessions per day.

Front 80

strategic plan

Back 80

addresses strategic decisions of the organization in defining short and long term goals and serves as the overarching planning tool.

HF programs, financial plans, risk management, and marketing plans only address subsegments with the overall strategic plan

Front 81

layers of skeletal muscle

Back 81

-skeletal muscle consists of bundles of muscle fibers called MUSCLE FASCiCLES (fasciculus).

-each fasciculus contains muscle cells.

-within the muscle cell are cylinders called myofibrils: responsible for muscle contractions.

0miyofibrils have the ability to contract because they have myofilaments that have contractile proteins, actin and myosin.

actin: a thin filament that is twisted into a strand

myosin: thick filament that has a tail and a head

during activation of muscle, actin and myosin interact causing cross bridging between the two filaments. the myosin pulls actin which shortens the muscle and causes tension.

Front 82

through which valve in the heart does blood flow when moving from the right atrium to the right ventricle (RV)

Back 82

tricuspid valve

Front 83

blood from the peripheral anatomy flows to the heart through what:

Back 83

superiors and inferior venae cavae into the right atrium.

from the right atrum the blood passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary arteries and then to the lungs to be oxygenated.

Front 84

how to improve stability when doing movement

Back 84

-lower center of gravity

-increase the size of the base of support

-move the center of gravity closer to the center of the base of support

Front 85

durin aerobic exercise what response to blood pressure is not normal

Back 85

-increased DBP. due to vasodilation associated with exercise induced stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, DBP remains unchanged or even slightly decrease during exercise.

-SBP will increase

-pulse pressure will increase

-mean arterial pressure will increase