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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Some are unable to meet daily communication needs through natural speech. Why is effective communication essential? |
Essential for learning and development, personal care, social engagement, education, and employment Essential for medical care Provides information, enable patients to participate actively in care from admission to discharge, and ensure responsibilities for both patients and providers are understood |
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How many Americans can’t rely on natural speech to meet daily communication needs? How does this affect them? |
1.3% of all people or 4 million Americans can’t rely on natural speech to meet daily communication needs Face severe restrictions in communication and participation in all aspects of life: education, medical care, employment, family, and community involvement unless provided with other communication supports |
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What are some people that need to help those with AAC? |
Need to develop range of competent AAC stakeholders such as those who design new technologies Educators, SLP, PT, OT, rehabilitation engineers, technicians who provide AAC intervention services, people who shape public policy and funding, researchers who document AAC use and acceptance patterns as well as investigate communication processes when AAC strategies are used |
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What is AAC according to ASHA? |
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) includes research, clinical, and educational practice. compensate for temporary or permanent impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions or those with severe disorders of speech language production and/or comprehension including spoken and written communication |
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What is the difference between rehabilitation and habilitation? |
Rehabilitation are intervention strategies and technologies to help someone with acquired disability regain capability. Habilitation are intervention strategies and technologies that help someone (ex. Developmental disability) develop capability for first time. |
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What does the demographic for AAC users look like? |
There is no typical person. Come in all age groups, socioeconomic groups, and ethnic and racial backgrounds Require adaptive assistance for speaking and/or writing because gestural, spoken, and/or written communication is temporarily or permanently inadequate to meet all communication needs Some can produce limited speech that is inadequate to meet communication needs |
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What is the cause of people to need AAC? |
Congenital or acquired conditions can cause inability to speak/write without adaptive assistance |
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What are common congenital causes? |
severe intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, autism, and developmental apraxia of speech |
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What are common acquired conditions for AAC users? |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, TBI, stroke |
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What does AAC help people’s social relations? |
AAC can improve family relationships Allow people to develop social networks beyond immediate families and those who are face to face with them |
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What activities outside of social relations can help AAC users? How has the necessity of AAC changed in the 21th century? |
People can be involved in leisure activities, which improves physical and mental health, enhance social networks and personal independence, and provided ways to educate others about AAC and disabilities Support efforts to enter or maintain involvement in employment Need for AAC is increased with the full access to 21th century technology where technology is now a necessity. |
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What is the ultimate goal of AAC? |
Enable individuals to efficiently and effectively engage in variety of interactions and participate in activities of their choice |
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What are the 4 agendas or purposes of communicative interactions according to Light? (See Table 1.2) |
Communication of wants/needs - regulate behavior or listener towards action-oriented response Information transfer - involves messages more complex and difficult to convey goal is to share info, composed in novel words and sentences that vary in topics Social closeness - establish, maintain, devel social engagement Content less important than interaction Social etiquette - Conform to social conventions of politeness through brief interactions with predictable vocabulary *communicate with oneself or conduct internal dialogue (Textbook) Remain organized with lists, info into calendars, and prepare daily activity schedules Diaries, journals of personal insights, lists of future plans, records of personal reflections |
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What skills do competent communicators have according to Light and Binger? |
Portray positive self image to communication partners Show interest in others and draw others into interactions Actively participate and take turns in symmetrical fashion Responsive to communication partners by making relevant comments, ask partner focused questions, negotiate shared topics Put patterns at ease with AAC through use of introductory strategy |
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What does every AAC intervention need to involve? |
Identify critical skills for communicative competence from perspective of relevant listeners Strategic instruction to support highest level of communicative competence possible |
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What are the four components of communicative competence according to Light? |
Linguistic competence Operational competence Social Competence Strategic Competence |
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What is linguistic competence? |
Receptive and expressive language skills of one’s native language (s) Knowledge of linguistic code unique to AAC system Need to learn language communication partner understands May need to learn two if bilingual Is typically established is person has acquired disabilities Those with congenital disabilities must learn within accompanying physical, sensory, or cognitive constraints |
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What do is the facilitator’s role in introducing an AAC device? |
Offer opportunities to practice expressive language in natural contexts May need to learn the system themselves to provide opportunities Provide augmented input models in language of community and family as well as symbols or codes in AAC |
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What is operational competence? |
Technical skills to operate AAC system accurately and efficiently Requires instruction in all operational and maintenance aspects of system There are facilitators that help take care of the AAC Facilitators may be trained to keep pace with staff turnover and teacher and staff rotations |
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What are the needs do AAC users have that facilitators need to provide? |
Keep vocabulary up to date Construct overlays or other displays as needed Protect technology against break/damage/etc. Secure necessary repairs Modify system for future needs Ensure day to day availability and operation |
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Why are unaided or low technology systems preferable at times? |
When capable facilitators are not available and because it requires less operational competence |
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What is social competence? |
Skills of social interaction such as initiating, maintaining, developing, and terminating communication interactions Focus of most research in AAC field Requires knowledge, judgement, and skills in sociolinguistic and socio relational aspects of communication |
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What do sociolinguistic skills include? |
Initiate, maintain, terminate conversations Give and take turns Communicate variety of functions (requesting, rejecting) Engage in variety of coherent and cohesive interactions |
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What are some sociorelational skills important for AAC users to develop? |
Positive self image Interest in others and desire to communicate Ability to participate actively in conversation Responsiveness to partners Ability to put partners at ease |
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What training related to social competence may be required for AAC teams? |
Work with communication partners who encounter the AAC user for social occasions Teach friends and peers to adjust interactions to AAC system May train school class to demystify AAC |
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What is strategic competence? |
Compensatory strategies to deal with functional limitations of AAC May include interacting with unfamiliar partners, resolve communication breakdowns, and compensating for slow speaking rate May learn to transmit message “Please slow down and wait for me to finish” or learn gesture “no, you misunderstood” |
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What is improving to help AAC users in the future in strategic competence? |
There is emphasis on evidence based practice in AAC to clarify appropriate intervention practice to guide AAC service providers Growing awareness of need to mentor AAC users to become competent communicators |
