Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Acquired Trait
|
A trait that is not passed down from parents to their offspring. Examples: scars, dyed hair, piercings, broken bones
|
|
|
Asexual reproduction
|
reproduction in which one parent produces offspring without fertilization of an egg cell.
|
|
|
Clone
|
an organism produced by asexual reproduction. Clones have the same genetic maekup as the parent.
|
|
|
Codominant traits
|
traits that are both seen when they are present. example: chicken with white feathers and chicken with black feathers have offspring with black and white feathers.
|
|
|
Dominant Trait
|
a trait that is always visible in offspring when it is present. Usually expressed as an uppercase letter, such as, F.
|
|
|
Offspring
|
a new living thing produced by one or or two parents.
|
|
|
Recessive trait
|
a trait that is not seen when the dominant trait is also present. Usually expressed by a lowercase letter, like f.
|
|
|
Sexual reproduction
|
reproduction caused by the fertilization of an egg cell.
|
|
|
Sexual reproduction
|
practiced by most plants and animals and usually involveds two parents.
|
|
|
Self-pollination
|
a special case of sexual reproduction in which a plant fertilizes its own egg cells.
|
|
|
Trait
|
characteristic of an organism
|
|
|
Inherited traits
|
passed down from parents to their offspring. Examples: skin color, eye color, hair, allergies,
|
|
|
Acquired traits
|
not inherited
|
|
|
allele
|
one of two or more forms that a gene can take. Dominant alleles are always expressed in the organism when they are present. Recessive alleles are only expressed when the dominant allele is not present.
|
|
|
DNA
|
a molecule found in a cell nucleus that encodes genetic information.
DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid |
|
|
Dominant allele
|
an allele that is always expressed when it is present. They are usually represented by capital letters like F
|
|
|
Gene
|
a segment of DNA that determines or helps to determine a trait.
|
|
|
Gene
|
most genes give instructions for building a particular protein.
|
|
|
Gene
|
Many familiar traits are determined by several genes.
|
|
|
Genotype
|
the genetic makeup of an organism.
The alleles possessed by an organism are represented by symbols. Example: a mouse with white fur might have the genotype ff. |
|
|
Heterozygous
|
having two alleles that are different
|
|
|
Homozygous
|
having two alleles that are the same
|
|
|
Hybrid
|
the offspring of genetically different parents. Example: offspring of pure FF and ff parents is an Ff hybrid.
|
|
|
Inheritance
|
the passage of genetic material from parents to offspring. For each gene, an organism receives one allele from each parent.
|
|
|
Phenotype
|
the physical appearance of an organism. Organisms with different genotypes can have the same phenotype. for example, an FF mouse and an Ff mouse both have black fur.
|
|
|
Punnett square
|
a diagram that shows the possible offspring of two parents. Punnett squares allow you to determine the probability of each offspring genotype.
|
|
|
Recessive Allele
|
an allele that is not expressed when the dominant allele is present. Recessive alleles are usually represented by lowercase letters, such as f.
|
|
|
Trait
|
a characteristic of an organism. Examples of traits include skin color, eye color, hair, allergies, and many others.
|
|
|
Probability
|
the likelihood of an event. Probability can be expressed as a fraction, decimal, or percentage.
|
