542 - Drug Delivery Systems Ii Lab - Sterile Products Exam - Small Volume Injections

Front 1

Define: "Large-Volume Intravenous Solution"

Back 1

Single dose injections containing greater than 100 mL of solution that are intended for IV use.

These are occasionally called Large Volume Parenterals (LVPs)

Front 2

Define: "Small-Volume Injection"

Back 2

Single dose or multidose injections containing less than 100 mL of solution

Front 3

Where is the intradermal injection area?

Back 3

It is just below the surface of the skin between the interface of the epidermis and the dermis

Front 4

When is ID usually used?

Back 4

For skin tests in which systemic absorption is undesirable and could be dangerous

Front 5

What size volume is typically found in ID injections?

Back 5

Small quantities, usually 0.1mL

Typical Volume Range: 0.02 mL to 0.5 mL

Front 6

What size syringes are typically used for ID syringes and what are they called?

Back 6

1 mL Tuberculin syringes

They are also available with or without needles

Front 7

What is the subcutaneous injection site?

Back 7

The fatty tissue located beneath the skin between the dermis and muscle

Front 8

What volume size syringes are typically used for sub-q injections?

Back 8

1 or 3 mL

Front 9

What is the intramuscular injection site?

Back 9

In a muscle mass, usually the deltoid, gluteus maximus or vastus lateralis (top of the leg)

Front 10

What volume size syringes are typically used for IM injections?

Back 10

1 to 5 mL

Front 11

What is a Z-track?

Back 11

Used in IM injections to prevent backflow of medication into sub-q tissue

Front 12

What is the recommended muscle in children for IM injection and why?

Back 12

Vastus Lateralis

It is the largest muscle mass in children under the age of 3 and is devoid of major nerves and vessels

Front 13

Name the volumes that can be injected for each muscle groups in those aged 15 years or older

Back 13

Deltoid - 1 mL
Gluetus Maximus - 2 to 2.5mL
Ventrogluteal - 2 to 2.5mL
Vastus Lateralis - 2 to 2.5mL

Front 14

Name the volumes that can be injected for each muscle groups in those aged 6 to 15 y/o

Back 14

Deltoid - 0.5 mL
Gluetus Maximus - 1.5 to 2 mL
Ventrogluteal - 1.5 to 2 mL
Vastus Lateralis -1.5 to 2 mL

Front 15

Name the volumes that can be injected for each muscle groups in those aged 3 to 6 y/o

Back 15

Deltoid - 0.5 mL
Gluetus Maximus - 1.5 mL
Ventrogluteal - 1.5 mL
Vastus Lateralis - 1.5 mL

Front 16

Name the volumes that can be injected for each muscle groups in those aged 1 1/2 to 3 y/o

Back 16

Deltoid - Not rec unless only site available - 0.5 mL
Gluetus Maximus - Not rec unless only site available - 1 mL
Ventrogluteal - Not rec unless only site available - 1 mL
Vastus Lateralis - 1 mL

Front 17

Name the volumes that can be injected for each muscle groups in those aged 1 1/2 and younger

Back 17

Deltoid - Not Recommended
Gluetus Maximus - Not Recommended
Ventrogluteal - Not Recommended
Vastus Lateralis - 0.5 to 1 mL

Front 18

When is the intravenous delivery usually used?

Back 18

- Fluids
- Electrolytes
- Nutrient replacement
- System drug administration

Front 19

What is the fluid limit for IV administrations?

Back 19

3 liters a day for adults

Less for children

Front 20

What are the different types of IV administration?

Back 20

- Continuous/Constant Infusion
- Intermittent
- Bolus/IV Push

Front 21

What are the advantages of a continuous IV?

Back 21

1) Allows fluid and drug therapy to be administered simultaneously
2) Achieves continuous blood levels
3) Minimizes vein irritation and trauma
4) Cost-saving (more efficient delivery)

Front 22

What are the disadvantages of a continuous IV?

Back 22

1) Requires greater monitoring
2) If it infiltrates, part of the dose is not administered
3) Cannot be used on fluid-restricted patients
4) Extended run times cannot be used with some unstable drugs

Front 23

Define: "Continuous IV"

Back 23

Large volume that is slowly and continuously dripped into a vein

Front 24

Define: "Intermittent IV"

Back 24

An intermediate volume (25-100 mL) give in an intermediate period of time (15-60 minutes) at spaced intervals

Front 25

What are the advantages of intermittent IV?

Back 25

- Less monitoring than continuous infusion
- Less chance of toxicity due to limited volume and administration time than bolus
- More drugs are stable in this form than in bolus administration

Front 26

What are the disadvantages of intermittent IV?

Back 26

- Fluids and electrolytes cannot be given this way
- Blood levels are less consistent than continuous
- Cannot be used for direct administration to an organ or tissue
- Sometimes impractical in emergency situations

Front 27

Define: "IV Push or Bolus"

Back 27

Administer via syringe in a short period of time directly into a vein or IV tubing that goes into a vein

Front 28

What are the advantages to a bolus IV dose?

Back 28

- Used for immediate injection in emergency situations
- No monitoring of fluid
- Less expensive

Front 29

What are the disadvantages to a bolus IV dose?

Back 29

- Many drugs are irritating due to high conc
- Some drugs are less stable
- Drug toxicity is a bigger problem
- Drug levels are less even
- Repeated doses may require more staff time

Front 30

What are the five rights?

Back 30

1) Right Medication
2) Right Dose
3) Right Route
4) Right Patient
5) Right Time

Front 31

Define: "Priming Volume"

Back 31

The extra volume of a drug, or drugs, which must be drawn out to fill the hub of the syringe

Front 32

What needs to be visible on the manufacturer label for a LVP?

Back 32

- Name
- Type of solution
- Lot number

Front 33

Define: "Pyrogen"

Back 33

Substance which induces fever

Front 34

What are disadvantages of parenteral therapy?

Back 34

- More difficult and costly to produce
- Special equipment, devices and techniques are required
- Cannot be removed once administered
- Introduction of pathogens into the product can have serious results
- Pain or tissue damage due to administration

Front 35

What are the non-aqueous vehicles for parenterals?

Back 35

- Fixed oils
- Glycerin
- PEG
- Alcohol

Front 36

What is required of the solvents used in parenterals?

Back 36

1) Non-irritating
2) Non-toxic
3) Non-sensitizing
4) No pharmacological activity of its own
5) Not affect activity of drug

Front 37

A MD orders 1,000 mL of OS for a pt to be given over a period of 10 minutes with a rate of 1,000 drops/min.

The question is, who loves Orange Soda?

Back 37

Kel loves orange soda