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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endangered Species Process |
Candidate species -> COSEWIC -> contract to draft report -> designation of species as endangered, threatened, or data deficient (made by federal minister) -> provincial listing/draft recovery strategy -> recovery team -> draft action plan -> conservation action occurs (most action occurs at provincial level) |
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Critical Review of species at risk evaluation |
-lead agency -increased search effort -reassessment of species -failure to protect/act -socioeconomic information -local and aboriginal interests |
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Lead Agency |
government agency that takes the lead is partly determined by: -organism -location of species **default is the provincial biologist for that taxonomic group/area -FOC introduce a strong bias to NOT list species as "at risk" -lead agency affected information included in reports -when determining locations for reserves and hunting/fishing closures, federal documents do not provide the necessary information |
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Lead Agency: Endangered and threatened marine fishes are not well-protected |
-delayed processing (no protection provided during this time) -70% of species processed are denied listing -no action plans have been produced for any species -additional protection is not effective |
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Search Efforts |
-role of citizen science -accurate site information can help us identify habitat associations that were not previously published in the literature -regular review of species at risk - can change in status (higher or lower risk categories) -funding cuts to monitoring threaten our ability to diagnose change |
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Reassessment |
-COSEWIC must reassess the status of species on a regular basis (every year for endangered species) -most species have no change to their status rank, but many are also moved to a higher risk category |
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Failure to Protect |
-failure of federal government to implement its own legislation or follow its own regulations for policy documents |
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Socioeconomic Information |
-currently process requires that final review of species include socioeconomic information on a species suggested fix: -only species NOT recommended for listing require socioeconomic report -rankings not based on economic information *not required in the US (ESA) or IUCN |
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Local and Aboriginal Interests |
-SARA does not allow for any aboriginal harvest even when there will be little/no impact on species demographics |
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Trophy hunting may be of benefit where: |
-may create local industry (less reliance on local resources) -funding generated is substantial -local incentive for conservation |
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Summary - Criticisms of species at risk |
-species at risk laws and policies work on provincial and federal levels, with multi-agancy involvement -transparency to public listings has led to progressive reviews of the systems for SAR -inclusion of economic information is debatable -meaningful inclusion of aboriginal rights is necessary -solutions that don't 'feel right' may be well-based in science and did conservation |
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Extinct |
none left in the world |
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Extinct in the wild |
only alive in captivity |
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locally extinct |
extirpated extinct in a particular small area it was once found in, but survives elsewhere in its range |
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ecologically extinct |
in such low numbers that its impacts on the community and ecosystem are negligible |
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Establishing Extinction Rates |
-our estimates of extinctions are biased and may rely heavily on localized deposits with special conditions -radiation of mammals once dinosaurs dominance was toppled -extinction events may leave an 'empty niche' for another taxa to fill -sometimes gaps aren't filled by anything - resulting in a shift in ecosystem functioning |
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dead clade walking |
species that persist through a mass extinction event, but don't recover from it |
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Red Queen Hypothesis |
species must constantly evolve not only to succeed but also to survive, owing to constantly changing interactions with other species and environments |
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Darwinian Demon |
have lots of kids reproduce early reproduce for a long time |
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Competitive edge in constant evolution to keep up |
-be a darwinian demon -specialize in extracting resources -phenotypic plasticity |
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Estimate Current Extinction Rates |
1 - est total number of species 2 - set the density of species 3 - est area or rate of habitat loss per year |
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Extinction Vortex |
-in small populations, downwards spiralling of population sizes towards extinction can occur 0includes demographic and genetic factors |
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Allee Efffect |
species may have poorer survival or mating success in smaller population sizes -species that are susceptible to the allele effect could easily fall into extinction vortex |
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Values of Extinction Science to Conservation |
1. predicting susceptibility to extinction 2. predicting survival of extinction events 3. description of events we can't simulate 4. setting goals for restoration based on ecological functions 5. putting restoration goals into perspective |
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disaster species |
-survives disasters that kill many other species -highly abundant, virtually cosmopolitan species (dominant fossils) -may occur after others become extinct or in last stages of extinction |
