150-Wk3 Chapter 1- Health And Wellness, Potter And Perry- Jessie Mcnabb

Front 1

What is health?

Back 1

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Front 2

What is a disease?

Back 2

An objective state of ill health, the pathological process of which can be detected by medical science.

Front 3

What is illness?

Back 3

Is a subjective experience of loss of health.

Front 4

What is wellness?

Back 4

A subjective experience

Front 5

What are the 3 classification of health conceptualizations?

Back 5

1. Health as stability
2. Health as actualization
3. Health as actualization and stability

Front 6

What is health as stability?

Back 6

The maintenance of physiological, functional, and social norms, and it relates to concepts of adaptation and homeostasis.

Front 7

What is health actualization?

Back 7

The actualization of human potential

Front 8

What is health as actualization and stability?

Back 8

~Having a sense of purpose
~Feeling connected to community
~Feeling vitalized and full of energy
~Having satisfying social relationships
~Having a feeling of control over one's life and living conditions
~Being able to do things that one enjoys

Front 9

What are the 3 major approaches to health in modern times?

Back 9

1. Medical approach
2. Behavioral approach
3. Socioenvironmental approach

Front 10

What is the medical approach?

Back 10

This approach focuses on the problem after it occurs and less emphasis was given to health promotion and disease prevention

Front 11

What are some of the physiological risk factors?

Back 11

hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, genetic predispositions, obesity

Front 12

What is the behavioral approach? List an example.

Back 12

It place responsibility for health on the individual, thereby favoring health promotion strategies such as education and social marketing. Ex) stop smoking

Front 13

What shifted emphasis from a medical approach to a behavioral approach and when did it happen?

Back 13

The Lalonde Report in 1974

Front 14

What are some behavioral risk factors?

Back 14

Smoking, substance abuse, lack of exercise, unhealthy diet

Front 15

What is the socioenvironmental approach? When did it happen?

Back 15

This approach emphasized the social context of health and the relationship between personal health behaviors and social and physical environments. It produced the Ottawa Charter for health promotion. It occurred in 1984.

Front 16

What are the 5 major strategies the Ottawa Charter outlined to promote health and when did it occur?

Back 16

-Building healthy public policy,
-creating supportive environment,
-strengthening community action,
-developing personal skills,
-reorienting health services.0

Occurred in 1986.

Front 17

What are some examples of the prerequisites for health?

Back 17

Peace,
shelter,
education,
food,
income,
stable ecosystem,
sustainable resources,
social justice,
equity

Front 18

Who was the leader to develop the "Achieving Health for All: A Framework for Health Promotion" document?

Back 18

Jake Epp

Front 19

What does the Ottawa Charter and the Epp Report have in common?

Back 19

They both reflect a socioenvironmental approach

Front 20

What are the 3 major health challenges identified in the Epp's report?

Back 20

1. Reducing inequalities
2. Increasing prevention
3. Enhancing coping mechanisms

Front 21

What are psychosocial risk factors?

Back 21

Complex psychological experiences resulting from social circumstances that include isolation, lack of social support, limited social networks, low self-esteem, self-blame, and low perceived power

Front 22

What are socioenvironmental risk conditions?

Back 22

social and environmental living conditions that include poverty, low educational or occupational status, dangerous or stressful work, dangerous physical environments, pollution, discrimination, relative political or economic powerlessness, and inequalities of income or power.

Front 23

What is the population health approach?

Back 23

The entire range of known individual and collective factors and conditions that determine population health status, and the interactions among them, are taken into account in planning action to improve health.

Front 24

The Jakarta Declaration identified what priorities for action? When?

Back 24

~Promoting social responsibility for health in public and private sectors
~Increasing investments for health in all sectors
~Consolidating and expanding partnerships for health to all levels of government and the private sector
~Increasing community capacity and empowering the individual
~Securing adequate infrastructure for health promotion
~1997

Front 25

What is the Bangkok Charter and when did it occur?

Back 25

~Affirmed health as a human right and emphasized mental and spiritual well-being as important elements.
~2005

Front 26

In the Bangkok charter what factors influenced health?

Back 26

Increasing inequalities within and between countries, global environment change, and urbanization

Front 27

What are the social determinants to the Toronto Charter identified as important for health?

Back 27

Early childhood development, education, employment and working conditions, food security, health care services, housing shortages, income and its equitable distribution, social safety nets, social exclusion, unemployment and employment security

Front 28

What are the social determinants of health?

Back 28

The economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions as a whole

Front 29

What are the key determinants of health?

Back 29

~Income and social status
~Biology of genetic endowment
~Culture

~Education
~Employment and working conditions
~Gender
~Healthy child development
~health services

~Personal health practices and coping skills
~Physical environments
~Social support networks
~Social environments

Front 30

How does the income and social status effect people in society?

Back 30

People with economic inequality have higher level of poverty, fewer public services, weaker social safety nets, and lower overall health and life expectancies.

Front 31

What do social support networks affect?

Back 31

People with economic inequality have higher level of poverty, fewer public services, weaker social safety nets, and lower overall health and life expectancies

Front 32

What do social support networks affect?

Back 32

Affects health, health behaviors and health care utilization through practical, emotional, informational, and affirmation support

Front 33

Why is education and literacy important for health?

Back 33

Can affect job opportunities, job security, lifestyles, income, work environments, and stress levels. (Increased education and literacy tend to increase health status)

Front 34

What does employment and working conditions affect in one's health?

Back 34

physical, mental, and social health

Front 35

What physical environments are important for health?

Back 35

Housing, indoor air quality, climate change, and community planning

Front 36

What is biological and genetic endowment influenced by?

Back 36

Social and physical environments

Front 37

What are the 3 risk behaviors with major detrimental health consequences that may result from poor individual health practices and coping skills?

Back 37

Physical inactivity, poor nutrition, tobacco use

Front 38

What are the crucial years for healthy child development?

Back 38

Conception to 6 years because it influences children's health for the rest of their life.

Front 39

What 3 conditions are important for healthy child development?

Back 39

1. Adequate and equitable income
2. Effective parents and families
3. Supportive community environment

Front 40

What are the 5 principles of the Canada Health Act?

Back 40

1. Universality
2. Portability
3. Accessibility
4. Comprehensiveness
5. Public administration

Front 41

What is gender in the determinants of health?

Back 41

Determined roles, personality traits, attitudes, behaviors, values, relative power, and influence that society ascribes to the 2 sexes on a differential basis

Front 42

How does culture affect ones health?

Back 42

Influence interactions with health care systems, participation in prevention and health promotion programs access to health information, health related lifestyle choices, understanding to health and illness

Front 43

What are social environments?

Back 43

The array of values and norms of a society that influence varying ways the health and well-being of populations. Social stability, recognition of diversity, safety, good working relationships, and cohesive communities increase chances of a healthy lifestyle.

Front 44

What is health promotion?

Back 44

Directed toward increasing the level of well-being and self-actualization

Front 45

What is disease prevention?

Back 45

The action to avoid illness/ disease

Front 46

What are the 3 levels of disease prevention?

Back 46

1. Primary prevention
2. Secondary prevention
3. Tertiary prevention

Front 47

What is the primary prevention? Give and example.

Back 47

Activities protect against a disease before signs and symptoms occur. ex) immunization

Front 48

What is secondary prevention? Give an example.

Back 48

Activities promote early detection of disease once pathogenesis has occurred, so that prompt treatment can be initiated to halt disease and limit disability. Ex) Preventative screening for cancer

Front 49

What is tertiary prevention? Give and example.

Back 49

Activities directed toward minimizing disability from disease and helping clients learn to live productively with their limitations. ex) cardiac rehabilitation program after myocardial infarction

Front 50

What are the principles health promotion is guided by? (5)

Back 50

~ Health promotion addresses health issues in context
~ Health promotion supports a holistic approach
~ Health promotion requires a long-term perspective
~ Health promotion is multi-sectoral
~ Health promotion draws on knowledge from social, economic, political, environmental, medical, and nursing sciences, as well as from first-hand experiences.

Front 51

What are the 5 health promotion strategies?

Back 51

1. Build health public policy
2. Create supportive environments
3. Strengthen community action
4. Develop Personal skills
5. Reorient health services

Front 52

What do public policies do?

Back 52

Shape how money, power, and material resources are distributed to society

Front 53

What is create supportive environments?

Back 53

The need to encourage maintenance, to take care of each other, our communities, and our natural environment

Front 54

What is "strengthen community action"?

Back 54

Communities identify issues and work together to make changes that will enhance health

Front 55

Why is it important to develop personal skills?

Back 55

Because it enhances coping strategies, and allows one to gain control over their health and environments so they can make healthy lifestyle choices

Front 56

How is the health system trying to reorient health services?

Back 56

Shift emphasis from treating disease to improving health and to make the health care system more efficient and effective

Front 57

Population health promotion model- Who, Why, What, How

Back 57

Refer to Figure 1-5 on page 12 of Potter and Perry