Five morphological observations were made from looking at the unknown fossil specimen. See the list of the observations that were made. Figure 4 Fossil Cladogram was then redrawn into the lab journal and a prediction was made on the fossil placement on the cladogram based on the observations. Next, an explanation of the reasons for the prediction was then recorded in the lab notebook. The four gene file were then downloaded onto the computer by going to the website listed below.…
Mendel studied genetics using flowers and pea plants. In a monohybrid, concerning one trait, cross, he crossed a purple (PP) plant with a white (pp) plant, and the offspring were all purple (Pp). He also crossed yellow, smooth peas (YYRR) with green, wrinkled peas (yyrr), which is a dihybrid cross because it involves 2 traits. The offspring of the cross, called F1 offspring because they are the first generation, resulted in 100% round (Rr) and yellow (Yy). The offspring were then intercrossed, and the offspring (F2 generation) resulted in 9:3:3:1 round and yellow (RRYY), round and green (RRyy), wrinkled and yellow (rrYY), and wrinkled and green…
The founder effect offers a potential explanation for the significantly higher observed heterozygosity of the Collins Creek over the pond Redbelly Dace populations. The migration of the fish to the isolated pond could have been accomplished through an anomalous transport of eggs on waterfowl or other animals travelling between the two water bodies; the small group of migrants would in turn be genetically unrepresentative of the original creek population. The disequilibrium of the Hardy-Weinberg proportions, generalized as (p1 + … + pn)2 =1, pn representing the allele frequency if a particular locus is polymorphic (as in the case of microsatellites), indicates the presence of an evolutionary force influencing the decrease in the frequency of heterozygosity of the pond population. The founder effect would result in disequilibrium…
Asexual reproduction generates offsprings that are genetically identical to that of the parent. Having an offspring genetically identical to the parent does not allow for variation within the Daphnia population. Therefore, all the Daphnia fish will look exactly the same with not much differences between them. So, allowing the Daphnia fishes to reproduce sexually allows for a variety of offsprings. For the fact that, not all the offsprings will be created identical.…
In our history, there have been countless historical periods, which have impacted our world in various ways. These historical periods involve any situations from political, social and economic events that have occurred. In this essay, I will be describing the economic, social, and political distinctions of three historical periods. The historical periods I will be discussing are The Antebellum Period, the Civil War and the Market Revolution. Furthermore, let us start by discussing the antebellum period and its political movements.…
Question 11: Culture History Period Influence on Zooarchaeology The culture history period of American Archaeology occurred from 1935 to 1960. During this time, we see a shift in the types of artifacts that were mainly collected. This is due to the intentions of archaeology at the time. Archaeologists were interested in the sequences of people, meaning who lived where and what they did there.…
Paleolithic Triumphs The Paleolithic Era marks a cultivating time in world history. Ranging from 2,600,000 to 12,000 years ago, it is known as a part of the stone age. More specifically, the Paleolithic Era is known as the “Old Stone Age.” This differentiates it from the new stone age; the Neolithic Era.…
The Permian Mass Extinction Introduction There are five major extinctions in history: the Late Devonian, the Ordovician-Silurian, the Permian-Triassic, the Triassic-Jurassic, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary. Known as the Big Five, these extinctions exceeded all others in size and destruction, each killing more than 60% of species from that period. Each one acted as a bottleneck, allowing the survival of only a fraction of the organisms that had been thriving before, from which evolution and life must continue. There was one mass extinction above all that came perilously close to turning the Earth into a lifeless and desolate wasteland.…
The Predynastic period was a time of huge transition in the years of 3500 BCE. There were political changes and also divides. These years focused on tombs, pottery, paintings, and other pieces of art that also took place in the 3500s. In ancient Egypt many tombs and temples were in different places and were being built with different types of materials.…
Typically, the Late Antique period is seen to be characterized by decline in the towns of the Roman Empire. This period did see major changes in the urban landscape of many areas as administrative power accumulated in the hands of the imperial bureaucracy and many towns were reduced in size. Churches were becoming an intrinsic part of every city. Even the centers of power were shifting within the empire. This does not mean that empire was solely in decline, but rather the towns and cities of the Late Antique period were changing in order to accommodate the demands of the time.…
Hinduism The Axial Age is a concept developed by the German philosopher Karl Jaspers. Jaspers observed that the Axial Age, which approximately covers a period from the 8th century BC to the 3rd century BC, was a period of profound human development, which not only gave way to several of the great world religions but also changed these great world religions as well even to the current day. There has never been a time as crucial in human development as the human thought during the Axial Age. Humans began questioning their existence and the meaning of life and death.…
Precambrian time covers the tremendous greater part of the Earth's history, beginning with the planet's creation around 4.5 billion years prior and finishing with the development of complex, multi celled life-shapes very nearly four billion years after the fact. The Precambrian is the most punctual of the geologic ages, which are set apart by various layers of sedimentary rock. Set down over a huge number of years, these stone layers contain a lasting record of the Earth's past, including the fossilized stays of plants and creatures covered when the silt were shaped. The Earth was at that point more than 600 million years of age when life started. The planet had cooled off from its unique liquid state, adding to a strong hull and seas made…
These plants were supplying plant-eating dinosaurs with lots of nutritious food. Some Mesozoic Era angiosperms included magnolias, laurel, barberry, early sycamores, and palms. Later on is when grass may have evolved. Cretaceous vegetation was increasing in density and species diversity as the quick-to-adapt flowering plants moved throughout the world. Animals during the Cretaceous period had developed just as much as they had in the Jurassic, particularly Dinosaurs.…
The subject of evolution is widely debated topic. However there is a wide variety of evidence that supports evolution. By studying the fossil record, comparative anatomy, genetics and natural selection scientists have been able to support Charles Darwin’s theory (evolution). This report will focus on evidence from the fossil record as well as genetics.…
Introduction: LAB REPORT- Comparing and Discovering the Properties of Animal and Plant Cells INTRODUCTION: Scientists have developed classification units among livings. One of this classification types is kingdoms. It represents widely covered societies, including Animalia and Plantae. It is known that all livings are composed of cells, from the cell theory, so animals and plants also have a cell association.…