of salmonella especially amphibians and reptiles such as lizards, they may be infected and if we handle them and don’t wash our hands we may be infected too.
When we eat or drink something which contains salmonella the bacteria enter our body and it travels through our intestine. Here bacteria can survive by using the gut micro biota as nutrients and can cross the intestinal mucus layer to reach epithelial cells which line the intestine. The disease starts when the Bacteria start to attack these cells. The second step are to determine that whether the attacker bacteria are typhoidal or non-typhoidal. Typhoidal salmonella crosses the intestinal cell and enters the circulation than it travels to the lymph nodes, gallbladder, liver and other parts of the body, where it lives in our cells especially in immune cells known macrophages. Macrophages tries to kill these bacteria but they can’t because salmonella has many ways to defend. Instead of killing those macrophages give them a protected place in which they can multiply. Typhoid symptoms can occur 1-2 weeks after ingesting bacteria. The uncontrolled activation of the immune response can lead to many complications. If no complications occur the disease can clear up. There is no vaccination for salmonella but it can be prevented by cooking poultry, beef, and eggs thoroughly. …show more content…
Surfaces in the kitchen must need to be clean after they have been in contact with raw meat or poultry. Washing hands after handling pets and using toilets. People who have been infected by salmonella should not prepare food our pour water for others until their diarrhoea has resolved.
Listeria bacteria: it is a bacterium which causes listeriosis. It is a gram-positive coco bacillus bacterium. It is aerobic and tolerant to acid-salt and cold. According to the web (http://www.food.gov.uk>microbiology) number of cases of listeriosis is lower than salmonella and campylobacter. This disease places a big responsibility for public health and economics in UK because of high hospitalization and mortality rate. Most people infected with listeria are hospitalizing and nearly a third of them dies. Listeria is not really common to foods; it is present in soil and water. Food can be contaminated during processing or producing. Pasteurized milk, soft cheese, ready-to-eat meats and unpasteurised dairy products are the major source of listeria. (M Madigan, J Martinko, K Bender, D Buckley Staha 2015) states that, even those foods are stored at refrigerator at (40) the bacteria can survive because they are psychrotolarent. They produce a fatty acids branched-chain which keeps the cytoplasm membrane to function as cold temperature. Muscle aches, nausea or diarrhoea, and fever are typical symptoms of listeria. If it spreads to nervous system the symptoms can be different. Headache, confusion, loss of balance and stiff neck can occur. This disease can be prevented by cooking raw food from animal sources, such as pork, beef, and poultry thoroughly. Also it can be prevented by washing vegetables and fruits before eating them and by keeping uncooked meat separated from other foods. In conclusion Food posing is very common worldwide and there are many factors which are involved in the production of this illness, but bacteria are one of the most important factor. It can affect people at any stage of their life from children to elderly. It is being clear that every year around one million people in UK suffer from food poising.
When we eat or drink something which contains salmonella the bacteria enter our body and it travels through our intestine. Here bacteria can survive by using the gut micro biota as nutrients and can cross the intestinal mucus layer to reach epithelial cells which line the intestine. The disease starts when the Bacteria start to attack these cells. The second step are to determine that whether the attacker bacteria are typhoidal or non-typhoidal. Typhoidal salmonella crosses the intestinal cell and enters the circulation than it travels to the lymph nodes, gallbladder, liver and other parts of the body, where it lives in our cells especially in immune cells known macrophages. Macrophages tries to kill these bacteria but they can’t because salmonella has many ways to defend. Instead of killing those macrophages give them a protected place in which they can multiply. Typhoid symptoms can occur 1-2 weeks after ingesting bacteria. The uncontrolled activation of the immune response can lead to many complications. If no complications occur the disease can clear up. There is no vaccination for salmonella but it can be prevented by cooking poultry, beef, and eggs thoroughly. …show more content…
Surfaces in the kitchen must need to be clean after they have been in contact with raw meat or poultry. Washing hands after handling pets and using toilets. People who have been infected by salmonella should not prepare food our pour water for others until their diarrhoea has resolved.
Listeria bacteria: it is a bacterium which causes listeriosis. It is a gram-positive coco bacillus bacterium. It is aerobic and tolerant to acid-salt and cold. According to the web (http://www.food.gov.uk>microbiology) number of cases of listeriosis is lower than salmonella and campylobacter. This disease places a big responsibility for public health and economics in UK because of high hospitalization and mortality rate. Most people infected with listeria are hospitalizing and nearly a third of them dies. Listeria is not really common to foods; it is present in soil and water. Food can be contaminated during processing or producing. Pasteurized milk, soft cheese, ready-to-eat meats and unpasteurised dairy products are the major source of listeria. (M Madigan, J Martinko, K Bender, D Buckley Staha 2015) states that, even those foods are stored at refrigerator at (40) the bacteria can survive because they are psychrotolarent. They produce a fatty acids branched-chain which keeps the cytoplasm membrane to function as cold temperature. Muscle aches, nausea or diarrhoea, and fever are typical symptoms of listeria. If it spreads to nervous system the symptoms can be different. Headache, confusion, loss of balance and stiff neck can occur. This disease can be prevented by cooking raw food from animal sources, such as pork, beef, and poultry thoroughly. Also it can be prevented by washing vegetables and fruits before eating them and by keeping uncooked meat separated from other foods. In conclusion Food posing is very common worldwide and there are many factors which are involved in the production of this illness, but bacteria are one of the most important factor. It can affect people at any stage of their life from children to elderly. It is being clear that every year around one million people in UK suffer from food poising.