For example, in the "Bilingual Effects on Cognitive and Linguistic Development article", a lot of different theories are represented in regards to bilingual 's linguistic capacities, cognitive capacities, cultural effects and test score achievements as well as the past research supporting the theories. Using past referents and other accredited sources usually entails that the study will be taken literally by others in their field. Since they are trying to prove an important point, psychologist have to analyze previous research, explain previous research and then add on new information to the previous research. Direct quotes are therefore not recommended. Instead the psychologists are expected to provide an explanation such as presented in article "Semantic Development in Spanish-English Bilingual Children", Shen et al. They explain why they focus on vocabulary depth, using past research:
"For a bilingual child, gaining vocabulary involves learning two sets of words and the semantic and collocational features that characterize and bond each set. Because input is distributed across two languages, bilingual children have less input in each of their two languages which makes this task even more challenging (Gollan, Montoya, Cera & Sandoval, 2008; Vermee, 2001)." (Shen et al., 2013)
In order to explain which study design and experiment they decided to use for their …show more content…
For example, in Han 's study of Bilingualism and Academic Achievement, a table (p. 306) is provided in order to visually grasp the different characteristics between the eight different groups of children that were studied. Finally, the tone in an empirical research paper needs to be professional and convincing, as psychologists are trying to get their papers submitted. In order to do so, it is necessary to not only appear knowledgeable of the field but also be straight to the point into what the potential new research can amount to. For example, after giving the meaning of the results and explaining the potential limitations the study had, Barac & Bialystock 's final ending statement, immediately follows:
"These results refine our understanding of how experience in general, and bilingualism in particular, shape development." (2012)
This statement not only refocuses the attention of the readers as to why the research was done, it also affirms that the study is strongly beneficial to the field of