Psoriasis is a skin condition that involves the immune system, resulting in inflammation, and has the characteristic appearance of silver scales that arise from increased proliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermal layer [58, 59]. Psoriasis is typically treated with topical steroid medications or with vitamin D analogue medications such as calcipotriol as well as with moisturizing agents [58]. The treatment of psoriasis also includes systemic medications that suppress the immune system such as methotrexate and cyclosporine as well as biologic drugs [58, 60].
Psoriasis has been linked to various mental health illnesses such as anxiety and depression which are thought to result from having a chronic visible skin condition [61] and therefore …show more content…
2D cell cultures of psoriasis initially consisted of psoriatic keratinocytes however this proved to be an ineffective model for psoriasis as the cells were not able to grow and lost their psoriatic genes with time [62]. As a result, alternative methods such as adding cytokines to normal human keratinocytes to induce psoriatic features were developed [63]. As stated previously however, testing of medications on 2D cell culture models do not always translate to in vivo responses [7] and thus, 3D models to better mimic in vivo responses for testing of topical medications for psoriasis have been …show more content…
Similarly, a 3D skin substitute using psoriatic skin cells was developed by Jean et al. [65] with either both psoriatic keratinocytes and fibroblasts or only one type of psoriatic cells (either keratinocytes or fibroblasts were psoriatic). Skin biopsies were obtained from patients with plaque psoriasis and keratinocytes were extracted and seeded on to mouse fibroblasts and incubated at a temperature of 37 °C [65]. For skin substitutes, ascorbic acid was used to culture the fibroblasts which formed dermal sheets that were altered to create a dermal layer onto which keratinocytes were then seeded to form an epidermal layer [65]. This method is the self-assembly method as the fibroblasts release their own extracellular matrix to maintain their growth [65]. A serum-free 3D psoriatic skin cell culture was similarly developed by Duque-Fernandez et al. [66]. This method is similar to the one presented by Jean et al. [65] and may be due to the fact that some authors are the same in both articles. The model by Duque-Fernandez et al., [66] was even used for testing percutaneous permeation of benzoic acid, caffeine and hydrocortisone, using a Franz-diffusion cell method. This was compared to healthy skin substitutes and
Psoriasis has been linked to various mental health illnesses such as anxiety and depression which are thought to result from having a chronic visible skin condition [61] and therefore …show more content…
2D cell cultures of psoriasis initially consisted of psoriatic keratinocytes however this proved to be an ineffective model for psoriasis as the cells were not able to grow and lost their psoriatic genes with time [62]. As a result, alternative methods such as adding cytokines to normal human keratinocytes to induce psoriatic features were developed [63]. As stated previously however, testing of medications on 2D cell culture models do not always translate to in vivo responses [7] and thus, 3D models to better mimic in vivo responses for testing of topical medications for psoriasis have been …show more content…
Similarly, a 3D skin substitute using psoriatic skin cells was developed by Jean et al. [65] with either both psoriatic keratinocytes and fibroblasts or only one type of psoriatic cells (either keratinocytes or fibroblasts were psoriatic). Skin biopsies were obtained from patients with plaque psoriasis and keratinocytes were extracted and seeded on to mouse fibroblasts and incubated at a temperature of 37 °C [65]. For skin substitutes, ascorbic acid was used to culture the fibroblasts which formed dermal sheets that were altered to create a dermal layer onto which keratinocytes were then seeded to form an epidermal layer [65]. This method is the self-assembly method as the fibroblasts release their own extracellular matrix to maintain their growth [65]. A serum-free 3D psoriatic skin cell culture was similarly developed by Duque-Fernandez et al. [66]. This method is similar to the one presented by Jean et al. [65] and may be due to the fact that some authors are the same in both articles. The model by Duque-Fernandez et al., [66] was even used for testing percutaneous permeation of benzoic acid, caffeine and hydrocortisone, using a Franz-diffusion cell method. This was compared to healthy skin substitutes and