Primary Exclusion Criteria

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Three researcher identified 3,105 peer reviewed articles through database search. We narrowed and assessed 15 articles out of those 3,105 to address the research questions presented in this systematic review. The primary exclusion criteria articles published after 1990. Table 1 summarizes the study characteristics.
Anderson, Damasio, Kilma, Bellugi & Brandt (1991) observed three patients with aphasia who were taught how to fingerspell. Out of all of the patients, two patients were able to fingerspell. The third patient suffered too much damage to the temporal lobe to be able to fingerspell. An additional study conducted by Brentari, Poizner & Kegl (1995) compared temporal sequencing characteristics among the different signers. The three
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Doctors decided that since communication is so complex due to there being a large amount of communication disorders and it is the ability of all partners in communication to adapt, demonstrate understanding, actively listen, and show a willingness to overcome communication barriers. As for the Cameron (2013) study, stroke victims over 65 were observed. Their intervention was dependent on nurses to make sure the patients leave the care center with as many skills as possible for independence and self-management. These techniques can include reinforced education appropriately selected for each individual patient. Learning styles, ability, cognitive functioning and age all need to be considered. The outcome for this study was that chronic illness educational materials and multidisciplinary approaches can be adapted. The Cherney, Patterson, & Raymer (2011) study included patients with chronic aphasia who were treated through intensive model-oriented therapy that tailors treatment towards individual deficits. The patients’ language function improved due to training the communication strategies and role playing for different communication strategies. In the Dyukova, Glozman, Titova, Kriushev, & Gamaleya (2010) article right hemisphere stroke patients were studied. It was found that dichotic listening and object naming with separate visual stimulation of the visual field had an impact on recovery. They overall concluded that stutter in right-hemisphere strokes is typically associated with deautomation of the flow of speech and mutism can occur. In the Schlaug, Marchina, & Wan (2011) study, post-stroke aphasic victims were observed. Combining tDCS with rehabilitative interventions and combining non-invasive brain stimulation with peripheral sensorimotor activities was the intervention technique. Overall, variability in lesion

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