The common parameters that are presently used to assess the presence, distribution and severity of periodontal diseases, both in the clinical situation and in the field of research are probing pocket depth (PPD), (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI). In addition to the clinical signs of periodontal diseases the radiographic findings also shed light on the extent and severity of the disease (7).
These parameters give of past periodontal collapsing assessment rather than revealing current disease activity, and are of limited information on treatment options, prognosis, and future progression (8).
• Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis
Periodontitis is a multi-factorial disease, initiated by a complicated interplay of environmental, plaque bacterial infection and host response, where disease induction is pathogenic species colonization within tissues. Next, bacteria invades or its pathogenic products the periodontal tissues, so that, periodontal tissues start to interact with bacteria or their pathogenic products, that induce tissue damage (9).…