Hypovolemic Shock Case Study

Hypovolemic shock can be caused by any condition that causes volume depletion of the intravascular space. Characteristic findings are tachycardia, flattened neck veins, cool clammy extremities, and oliguria, small amounts of urine. It occurs when intravascular volume is depleted as a result of hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, or third space losses. Hypovolemic shock includes left ventricle failure and reduced blood volume. Also, there is a decrease in arterial blood pressure, increase in systemic vascular resistance, increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, decrease in central venous pressure, increase or decrease in pulmonary artery pressure, decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and decrease in cardiac output. The consequence of hypovolemia leads to inadequate perfusion, cell hypoxia, energy deficit, lactic acid accumulation and fall in pH, metabolic acidosis, cell membrane dysfunction and failure of the sodium pump, intracellular …show more content…
Rapid fluid repletion is indicated for hypovolemic shock. Delay in care can result in ischemic injury, irreversible shock, and multiorgan system failure. Vasoactive drugs, fluids, and blood products are commonly used in treatment. Drugs such as dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are used to increase blood pressure and the cardiac output. Neurogenic shock is the result of injury to the central nervous system, causing disruption of the autonomic pathways in the spinal cord. Symptoms of neurogenic shock are hypotension, bradycardia, and hypothermia. Like hypovolemic shock the patient experiences, vomiting, decreased urine output, and insufficient blood supply. Neurogenic shock decreases central venous pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary vascular