Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a global burden, with increasing number of new infections. [1] According to the estimation of the World Health Organization (WHO), Gonorrhea is the second most prevalent bacterial STI in developing countries with a global estimated incidence of 106 million people annually. It is easily curable if diagnosed, but if remains undetected and untreated, can lead to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, tubal factor infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes in females, testicular and prostate infections and infertility in males. Neisseria gonorrhoeae typically triggers an intense inflammatory response characterized by an influx of neutrophils into the genital tract, yet natural gonococcal infection does not induce a state of specific protective immunity. Individuals with gonorrhea are usually not protected from reinfection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine laboratory screening of genital and extragenital sites for all sexually active men and women who are at high risk for STIs. [2]
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gonorrhoeae) the etiologic agent of the sexually transmitted disease are aerobic, Capnophilic, non-spore forming, fastidious gram-negative, facultative, intracellular and typically appear in pairs (diplococci) with adjacent sides flattened, which gives them a characteristic kidney or coffee bean shaped appearance under Microscope. Among eleven species of Neisseria that colonize humans, only N. gonorrhoeae is clinically responsible for transmission of gonorrhea through sexual contact [3] N. gonorrhoeae is a delicate organism, which is susceptible to UV-light, Temperature changes, drying, and many other environmental conditions [4]. Despite being genetically similar, with 80-90% sequence homology in the Genomic Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) between pathogenic organisms, major cellular and molecular changes takes place between the various Neisseria
gonorrhoeae) the etiologic agent of the sexually transmitted disease are aerobic, Capnophilic, non-spore forming, fastidious gram-negative, facultative, intracellular and typically appear in pairs (diplococci) with adjacent sides flattened, which gives them a characteristic kidney or coffee bean shaped appearance under Microscope. Among eleven species of Neisseria that colonize humans, only N. gonorrhoeae is clinically responsible for transmission of gonorrhea through sexual contact [3] N. gonorrhoeae is a delicate organism, which is susceptible to UV-light, Temperature changes, drying, and many other environmental conditions [4]. Despite being genetically similar, with 80-90% sequence homology in the Genomic Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) between pathogenic organisms, major cellular and molecular changes takes place between the various Neisseria