A protein is a long chain of amino acids that are held together by peptide bonds. The backbone of amino acids forms strong covalent bonds, whereas the amino acids themselves form temporary bonds that are much weaker. As a result of these weaker bonds, the amino acids can change shape, remain mobile and gain flexibility. The most important quality of proteins is that the position of their amino acids within the sequence determines the protein’s function.
The steps involved in the biosynthesis of protein molecules involve transcription and translation. In order to make a single protein, the body requires messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), DNA, amino acids, ribosomes and multiple enzymes.
Transcription
The instructions to make …show more content…
The process of translation involves the use of transfer RNA (tRNA) via techniques involving triplet codes and anticodons.
After the mRNA has been produced in the nucleus, it enters the cytoplasm through a nuclear pore. The mRNA molecule then travels to a ribosome, which is found free in the cytoplasm. The mRNA is then translated into proteins by transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that are attached to amino acids.
The triplet code is where there is a sequence of three nucleotides on a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. If DNA produces proteins, it results in DNA coding for amino acids. Since there are 20 amino acids present in our body and there are four RNA bases, the triplet code is needed in order for the nucleotide bases to code for all of the 20 amino acids. The code is carried by mRNA in a triplet code. Three adjacent bases stands for one codon. Every single codon is equal to one amino …show more content…
Initiation is the first stage of translation, which starts at AUG on the mRNA molecule. Once the start codon is at the P-site of the ribosome, a transfer RNA with the anti-codon UAC binds to the start codon.
Translation begins with the mRNA strand binding to the small ribosomal sub-unit upstream of the start codon. Each amino acid is brought to the ribosome via a specific transfer RNA molecule. The type of amino acid is determined by the anticodon sequence of the transfer RNA. Complementary base pairing occurs between the codon of the mRNA and the anticodon of the tRNA molecule. After the initiator tRNA molecule binds to the start codon, the large ribosomal sub-unit binds to form the translation complex and initiation is complete.
Within the ribosome are three separate sites; the A-site, P-site and E-site. The A-site acts like a ‘reading frame’ for the next codon as the next tRNA molecule enters it. The P-site is where the polypeptide chain is elongated while the E-site is where empty tRNA molecules leave the ribosome. Each codon is read and the transfer RNA molecule brings a specific amino acid to the ribosome. The complementary tRNA bases or anticodon temporarily binds to the codon on the mRNA strand. Each tRNA molecule adds an amino acid to the sequence, which all link up by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain. Messenger RNA strands vary in length due to differences
The steps involved in the biosynthesis of protein molecules involve transcription and translation. In order to make a single protein, the body requires messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), DNA, amino acids, ribosomes and multiple enzymes.
Transcription
The instructions to make …show more content…
The process of translation involves the use of transfer RNA (tRNA) via techniques involving triplet codes and anticodons.
After the mRNA has been produced in the nucleus, it enters the cytoplasm through a nuclear pore. The mRNA molecule then travels to a ribosome, which is found free in the cytoplasm. The mRNA is then translated into proteins by transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that are attached to amino acids.
The triplet code is where there is a sequence of three nucleotides on a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. If DNA produces proteins, it results in DNA coding for amino acids. Since there are 20 amino acids present in our body and there are four RNA bases, the triplet code is needed in order for the nucleotide bases to code for all of the 20 amino acids. The code is carried by mRNA in a triplet code. Three adjacent bases stands for one codon. Every single codon is equal to one amino …show more content…
Initiation is the first stage of translation, which starts at AUG on the mRNA molecule. Once the start codon is at the P-site of the ribosome, a transfer RNA with the anti-codon UAC binds to the start codon.
Translation begins with the mRNA strand binding to the small ribosomal sub-unit upstream of the start codon. Each amino acid is brought to the ribosome via a specific transfer RNA molecule. The type of amino acid is determined by the anticodon sequence of the transfer RNA. Complementary base pairing occurs between the codon of the mRNA and the anticodon of the tRNA molecule. After the initiator tRNA molecule binds to the start codon, the large ribosomal sub-unit binds to form the translation complex and initiation is complete.
Within the ribosome are three separate sites; the A-site, P-site and E-site. The A-site acts like a ‘reading frame’ for the next codon as the next tRNA molecule enters it. The P-site is where the polypeptide chain is elongated while the E-site is where empty tRNA molecules leave the ribosome. Each codon is read and the transfer RNA molecule brings a specific amino acid to the ribosome. The complementary tRNA bases or anticodon temporarily binds to the codon on the mRNA strand. Each tRNA molecule adds an amino acid to the sequence, which all link up by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain. Messenger RNA strands vary in length due to differences