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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
This is the phase of a muscle twitch when a stimulus is applied and chemical processes begin
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Latent
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What is the most likely reason for a muscle cramp?
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Lack of ATP
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If a muscle remains at a constant length while tension increases we call that what?
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Isometric Contraction
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What type of muscle has the longest refractory period?
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Cardiac
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The state of sustained partial contraction that serves to keep the muscle taught and ready for action is what?
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Muscle Tonus
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Forceful sustained muscle contraction produced by a rapid series of stimulations is what two things?
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Tetanic contraction
Tetanus |
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The phase of a muscle twitch where it shortens and thickens is what?
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Contraction
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The phase of a muscle twitch where it returns to original length is what?
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Relaxation
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Period of time immediately following a muscle response to a stimulus where it can't respond to a second stimulus is called what?
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Refractory
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Describe the Motor Unit
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Motor neuron and all muscle fibers it stimulates
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Describe the All-or-None Response
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When a muscle fiber contracts it contracts to its fullest extent
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Maximum number of ATP molecules produced by glucose molecule in cellular respiration is what?
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38
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During The Krebs Citric Acid Cycle how many ATP are produced from one pyruvate?
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18
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Kreatin phosphate serves to do what?
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It supplies the energy for the re-synthesis of ATP from ADP
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Amount of oxygen needed
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Oxygen Debt
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Chemical compound which when allowed to accumulate leads to muscle fatigue is called what?
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Lactic Acid
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During a muscle contraction Calcium ions combine with __________ leading to the exposure of active sights for cross bridge formation.
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Troponin
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The first event in muscle contraction is what?
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A motor neuron releases ACh
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Multi-unit smooth muscle is found where?
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In the eye
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Connective tissue that covers each muscle fiber is called what?
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Endomysium
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Connective tissue that covers the whole muscle is called what?
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Epimysium
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Self-exciting and rhythmic property of cardiac muscle is known as what?
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Intercalated Discs
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The two most abundant chemical compounds in muscle are what?
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Protein and Water
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During relaxation of a muscle fiber what happens to the Z line?
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Move further apart
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Anaerobic metabolism takes place where?
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In the Cytoplasm
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The cell membrane of a muscle cell is correctly referred to as?
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Sarcolemma
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Gluconeogenesis is what?
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Formation of Glucose from non-Carbohydrate precursers
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When large amounts of Ketones are present it indicates what?
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Increased metabolism of Fat
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Primary function of Carbohydrates is?
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To maintain energy production within cells
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If Oxygen is lacking how much ATP can you get from one Glucose and why?
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2
Cause it comes from the Cytoplasm |
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Skeletal Muscles will never what?
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Produce hormones
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Deglutition is what?
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Swallowing
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The basic contraction unit of muscle is what?
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Sarcomere
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This provides energy for muscle contraction
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Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP
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Muscular atrophy is due to what?
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Lack of neural stimulation
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ATP has no what? What does it have instead?
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Hexose sugars
Ribose which are Pentose sugars |
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This pancreatic hormone is released in response to elevated blood Glucose
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Insulin
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Typical healthy diet should include what?
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40-70% Carbs
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Fructose and Galactose are converted to Glucose in what organ?
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Liver
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As a result of Carbohydrate loading Glycogen reserves in Skeletal Muscle can be increased by what percentage?
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3.5% - 4%
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Urea is made in what organ?
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The liver
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Describe Lypogenesis
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Making fat
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Protein synthesis deals with what?
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Ribosomes
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Actin complex doesn't contain what?
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Myosin
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Krebs Citric Acid Cycle matches with what?
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Aerobic
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Glycolysis matches with what?
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Anaerobic
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This enzyme initiates relaxation
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Cholinesterase
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Give an example of a thick contractile protein
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Myosin
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Sex-linked inherited muscle deterioration is known as what?
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Muscular Dystrophy
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Location of sodium ions with relaxed muscle fibers is where?
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Outside Sarcolemma
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The fixed anchor of a muscle is known as what?
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The origin
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