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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
According to ________, the universality of stratification can be explained by the necessity to motivate the most qualified people to fill the more important and demanding positions in a society.
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Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
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A major means by which neocolonialists maintain global stratification is:
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debt, with ever mounting interest
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Two basic reasons why poor nations remain at the bottom of the world stratification are:
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the existence of neocolonialism and the influence of multinational corporations.
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The Maquiladoras are
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assembly-for-export factories along the Mexican border.
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Gerhard Lenski argues that the the functionalist view of stratification applies only to societies that:
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only have minimal resources without accumulated wealth
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World systems theory states that some nations grew economically dependent on trade with the Most Industrialized Nations such as Britain, France and Germany. These dependent nations were what Wallerstein called ________.
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semiperiphery nations
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The primary way by which the class system of England is maintained from one generation to the next is through ________.
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education
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In the opening passage that described the differences between the selected Ethiopian family and American family, the differences could be best explained by:
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the difference in life chances to which each family was exposed.
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With regard to political views, Gerhard Lenski discovered that individuals who suffer status inconsistency are more likely to be ________.
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radical
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Based on the account of Terry Takewell's illness and his admission to a Tennessee hospital, it can be concluded that
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medical care is a commodity sold to those who can afford it.
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According to ________ theorists, the purpose of the welfare system is to maintain an army of reserve workers.
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conflict
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A profile of their personal qualities would reveal that most U.S. presidents come from a group of:
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millionaire white men from old money families
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C. Wright Mills coined the term ________ to refer to the collection of people who make the big decisions in U.S. society.
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power elite
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About one out of every six white children live in poverty as well as one out of three Latino and African American children. Combined with a half million Asian American and 300,000 Native American children in poverty, this adds up to a total of approximately ________ children living in poverty in the United States.
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15 million
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The meaning of race:
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varies, depending upon the society in which its meaning is constructed.
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biological characteristics that distinguish one group from another.
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race
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cultural characteristics that distinguish one group from another.
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ethnicity
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The greatest number of Latinos in the United States trace their heritage to ________.
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Mexico
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Groups of people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination were referred to as ________ by sociologist Louis Wirth
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minority groups
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The physical anthropologist who pointed out that there are as few as two races according to some typologies and as many as 2,000 in others, while he himself classified humans into forty racial groups was
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Ashley Montagu
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Female circumcision is a custom in some societies. Feminists believe that this practice is:
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a form of ritual torture to control female sexuality.
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During the 1960s, the "second wave" of feminism emerged as larger numbers of women began to work. One contributing factor to this re-emergence of feminism was ________.
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the shift in women's reference group
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When men were employed in occupations traditionally considered women's occupations, sociologist Christine Williams found that these men:
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climbed a "glass escalator" and were promoted quickly
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According to world system theory, England, one of the nations in which industrial capitalism first developed, is a ________ nation.
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semiperiphery
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In the late 18th and early 19th century, the white colonists who had already settled in America viewed immigrants from Europe whose language and other customs differed from their own as being ________.
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white ethnics
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The opening passage to the chapter discusses activity that ocurred at Miss Rivers' Lodge. The Lodge was:
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a free health clinic African American men joined at Tuskeegee University.
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Carol Moseley-Braun has the distinction as being the first
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African American woman elected to the United States Senate.
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According to Gaetano Mosca, every society is stratified by ________ to ensure that society's work gets done.
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power
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How a country's dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage refers to ________.
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internal colonialism
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When the United Fruit Company controlled national and local politics in Central America, its interests were protected by:
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a detail of United States Marines waiting off shore
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In 1790 the Continental Congress passed the Naturalization Act which declared ________ could apply for citizenship.
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only white immigrants
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The argument that some nations are held back economically because they develop a set of values and beliefs that reinforce their inability to succeed was called the ________ by John Kenneth Galbraith.
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culture of poverty
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The practice of ________ requires a group to marry within its own group and prohibits intermarriage between groups.
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endogamy
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In ancient Greece, slavery was based on ________, ________, and ________.
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debt, crime, war
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The ________ Model classifies nations based on their economy being capitalistic and industrialized, a communistic form of government, or a third class that did not fit into the other two
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three world
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Although property is the major source of power, prestige can also lead to power. The example in the textbook of the entertainer who used his prestige to advance to a top political office was ________.
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Ronald Reagan
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Although it was officially abolished in 1949, the nation that still maintains a model caste system based on 3,000 years of tradition is ________.
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India
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In the functionalist perspective, the creation of a society based upon an emphasis on qualifications and rank would be called a ________.
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meritocracy
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The Pacific Rim nations that have developed a strong capital base and are a threat to older capitalist nations are nicknamed the ________.
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Asian tigers
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The term coined by C. Wright Mills that refers to those who make the big decisions in U.S. society is the ________.
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power elite
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A form of social mobility that results in about the same number of people moving up and down the social class ladder that creates little change in the social class system is called ________.
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exchange mobility
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The explanation for poverty that focuses on ________ contributes the cause of poverty to a person's decision to drop out of school, women bearing children in their teenage years, and women bearing more children than they can adequately support.
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characteristics of individuals
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The term coined by Harrington and Lewis that refers to a set of values and behavior that are largely responsible for the continued long-term poverty of certain groups is the ________.
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culture of poverty
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The three major causes of the feminization of poverty are ________, ________, and ________.
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divorce, births to single women, lower wages paid to women
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The state with the highest Latino population is ________.
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California
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Tony takes great pride in his Italian-American heritage. He flies an Italian flag at his home, cooks Italian meals for his friends, is the Grand Knight of the Knights of Columbus, and uses Italian words and phrases in common conversation. This manner in which Tony is constructing his identity is referred to by sociologists as ________.
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ethnic work
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Dividing workers along racial, ethnic, or gender lines for the purpose of enhancing capitalist bargaining power is a technique referred to as the ________.
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split labor market
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In 1989, ________ became the nation's first elected African American governor.
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L. Douglas wilder
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In the late 18th century, European immigrants whose language and customs differed from those of the white Anglo-Saxon Protestants that had already settled in the colonies were referred to as ________.
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white ethnics
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Sex is based upon ________ characteristics that distinguish males from females, while gender refers to a ________ characteristic.
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biological, social
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A theory of aging that emphasizes an easier transition to retirement when people have multiple roles, higher social class, and greater resources to meet the challenges of old age is ________.
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continuity theory
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The consequences of so many women joining the ranks of paid labor is referred to by sociologists as the ________.
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quiet revolution
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Slavery, the ownership of some people by others, is least common in the hunting and gathering society and most common in the ________ society.
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agricultural
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A trend in U.S. poverty whereby most poor families are headed by women is referred to as the ________.
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feminism of poverty
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The explanation for poverty that sociologists prefer focuses on ________ which stresses the features of society deny some people to education, job skills, and employment opportunities.
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social structure
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In 1916 a group of feminists, then known as ________ formed the National Women's Party.
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suffragists
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According to the class typologies developed by Joseph Kahl and Dennis Gilbert, the largest of the six classes is the ________ class.
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lower middle
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The term ________ refers to the increasing proportion of older people in the U.S. population.
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graying of america
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The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act limits the amount of time most people can collect welfare payments to ________ years.
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5
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True or False: The Least Industrialized Nations contain the majority of the world's population, and about half the world's land.
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True
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True or False: The research of Fuller and Schoenberger demonstrated that when women participate in college internships and are clearly more qualified than men, women will earn higher salaries than men.
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False
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True or False: In regards to mental health treatment, members of the upper classes are more likely to receive expensive "drug therapy" that makes them docile and calm and the poor are more likely to receive the less effective "talk therapy" that is less expensive.
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False
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The three systems of stratification include:
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slavery, caste, class
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process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting the labor and natural resources of the conquered land
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colonization
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Why don't colonized countries develop?
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All the money goes to the mother country
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Who claimed that every society must make certain that positions are filled. To motivate the more qualified to fill these positions, society must offer greater rewards.
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Davis and Moore
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