Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
167 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Extreme Nationalism, State supremacy, one party rule, retention of private property
|
Fascism
|
|
Want a planned economy with private ownership of the means of production
|
Fascists
|
|
Philosophy that emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the leader.
|
fascism
|
|
Want a planned economy with public ownership of the means of production
|
Communists
|
|
Want to maintain the class system with an authoritarian government
|
Fascists
|
|
Want to do away with the class system with an authoritarian government.
|
Communists
|
|
Believed workers of all countries should unite in a class struggle
|
communists
|
|
Fascists believed the state should have an ______ leader
|
authoritarian
|
|
Both Fascists and Communists believe in
|
Dictatorial one-party rule
|
|
Under Fascism and Communism opposition was _____-
|
outlawed'
|
|
A one-party dictatorship attempts to control every aspect of citizens' lives.
|
totalitarian state
|
|
Under Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union developed into a _________.
|
totalitarian state
|
|
In the Soviet Union the government made most economic decisions.
|
command economy
|
|
Stalin wanted all peasants to farm on state owned farms.
|
collectives
|
|
Because farmers resisted collectivization Stalin seized all their grain and left peasants to starve.
|
Terror Famine
|
|
Fearing rival party leaders were plotting against him Stalin launched the _________.
|
Great Purge
|
|
Resulted in the killing or imprisonment of at least four million people in the Soviet Union.
|
Great Purge
|
|
Joseph Stalin dominated the Soviet Union by using tactics of __________.
|
terror and purges
|
|
Stalin attempted to modernized agriculture in the Soviet Union through _____.
|
collectivization
|
|
In order to modernize agriculture in the Soviety Union, Joseph Stalin combined small family farms into ___________ run by the state.
|
collective farms
|
|
Leader of the Soviet Union during World War II.
|
Joseph Stalin
|
|
Historical event that contributed to the rise of fascism in both Italy and Germany, and the rise of totalitarianism in the Soviet Union.
|
World War I
|
|
First European country to become fascist.
|
Italy
|
|
Fascist Party leader who became dictator of Italy.
|
Benito Mussolini
|
|
Feared high inflation and or high unemployment might lead to a communist revolution
|
middle and upper class
|
|
Have the most to lose in a communist revolution
|
middle and upper class
|
|
Middle and upper classes supported Mussolini because they feared a ______-
|
communist revolution
|
|
Won support in Italy by attacking communists
|
Benito Mussolini
|
|
Nickname for Mussolini's private troops he used to take power in Italy
|
Black shirts
|
|
Fascist gang in Italy.
|
Blackshirts
|
|
He used gangs of Fascist thugs to terrorize his opponents in Italy.
|
Benito Mussolini
|
|
Mussolini and his Black shirts marched on Rome in _______ (year)
|
1922
|
|
When Mussolini marched on Rome the Italian King asked him to form a government as ______.
|
Prime Minister
|
|
After Mussolini was named Prime Minister he used secret police and propaganda to ______-
|
eliminate all opposition
|
|
During the 1930s Italy, Germany, and Japan all sought to solve their nations problems through ______.
|
conquest
|
|
Both Mussolini and Hitler saw expansion of their territory as a way to increase ______.
|
national pride
|
|
Did not completely destroy Germany but created a motive for revenge.
|
Versailles Treaty
|
|
Germany's solution to war reparations following WWI.
|
Printing money
|
|
Just printing money resulted in extremely high _______.
|
inflation
|
|
Economic problem in Germany from 1918-23.
|
inflation
|
|
Democratic Government set up in Germany after WWI.
|
Weimar Republic
|
|
Became a scapegoat for Germany's problems after WWI.
|
Weimar Republic
|
|
Germans blamed the Weimar Republic for their __________.
|
defeat in World War I
|
|
Was doomed to failure by the harshness of the Versailles Treaty.
|
Weimar Republic
|
|
When difficulties arise people are often willing to sacrifice democracy in exchange for _________.
|
strong leadership
|
|
By the autumn of 1923 it was worthless
|
German Mark (unit of currency)
|
|
Enabled Germany to recover from its tremendous inflation
|
Dawes Plan
|
|
$200 million loan from American banks to stabilize German economy.
|
Dawes Plan
|
|
National Socialist German Worker's Party
|
Nazi
|
|
Became the fuehrer (leader) of the Nazi Party.
|
Adolf Hitler
|
|
Attempted a coup in Munich in 1923
|
Adolf Hitler
|
|
After the attempted coup in 1923 Hitler was
|
Imprisoned
|
|
While in prison Hitler wrote ______-
|
Mein Kampf
|
|
Title of Hitler's autobiography.
|
Mein Kampf
|
|
Set forth Hitler's objectives for Germany
|
Mein Kampf
|
|
Nazism was an extreme form of _____.
|
fascism
|
|
Lost popularity during the prosperity of the 1920s
|
Nazis
|
|
Results in both Communists and Nazis gaining popularity in the 1930s
|
Great Depression
|
|
Because of the depression Germans began to feel they had to choose between _______
|
Communism and Nazism
|
|
Nazi private army
|
Storm Troopers
|
|
Engaged in terrorism to help the Nazis come to power
|
Storm Troopers
|
|
Nickname for the Nazi Storm Troopers
|
Brown Shirts
|
|
German initials for Storm Troopers
|
SA
|
|
Industrialists, upper class and the middle class backed Hitler because they feared they might lose everything to a ______
|
communist revolution
|
|
Ruling body under the Weimar Republic.
|
Reichstag
|
|
In 1933 President Hindenburg named Hitler
|
Chancellor
|
|
As Chancellor Hitler called for new______
|
Reichstag elections
|
|
Enabled the Nazis and their allies to win a majority of seats in the Reichstag.
|
Reichstag Fire
|
|
The Nazis blamed the Reichstag fire on the _____
|
Communists
|
|
After gaining a two-third majority the Nazi's passed the ______-
|
Enabling Act
|
|
The Enabling Act made Hitler the ______
|
Dictator of Germany
|
|
The Axis Powers were named for the "axis" between _______.
|
Berlin and Rome
|
|
During the 1930s, Hitler, Mussolini, and the military leaders of Japan began _______.
|
invading neighboring lands
|
|
In 1936 Italy conquered
|
Ethiopia
|
|
Keeping the peace by giving into an aggressor's demands.
|
appeasement
|
|
When Hitler first began to violate the Treaty of Versailles, Britain and France followed a policy of _______.
|
Appeasement
|
|
Policy followed by Britain and France in the 1930s in an attempt to prevent war by giving into some of Germany's demands.
|
appeasement
|
|
Hitler began to violate it provisions step by step.
|
Versailles Treaty
|
|
First violation of the Versailles Treaty.
|
German Rearmament
|
|
After Hitler rearmed his second violation of the Versailles Treaty was to occupy the demilitarized zone of the _______.
|
Rhineland
|
|
Hitler annexed Austria with _______.
|
no resistance
|
|
Britain & France give up the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia to maintain peace.
|
Munich Pact
|
|
Germany, Italy, and Japan (1936)
|
Axis Powers
|
|
Led revolt against the elected government in Spain.
|
Francisco Franco
|
|
Used German and Italian troops against Spain's Republican army.
|
Francisco Franco
|
|
During Spain's civil war western democracies _____.
|
remained neutral
|
|
The government established by Franco in Spain was _______.
|
Fascist
|
|
Spanish military dictator.
|
Francisco Franco
|
|
British Prime Minister famous for appeasement.
|
Neville Chamberlain
|
|
British Prime Minister who signed a peace accord in Munich.
|
Neville Chamberlain
|
|
Hitler violated the Munich Pact by taking ____.
|
all of Czechoslovakia
|
|
Government that exerts total control over a nation.
|
totalitarianism
|
|
Germany and Italy, later joined by Japan.
|
Axis Powers
|
|
The term Hitler used for more living space for Germans.
|
Lebensraum
|
|
Although Communists and Fascists were traditionally enemies, in 1939 Hitler made a nonaggression pact with _____.
|
Joseph Stalin
|
|
After Hitler had invaded Czechoslovakia and made a pact with Stalin, he invaded ____.
|
Poland
|
|
World War II started when Germany _____.
|
invaded Poland
|
|
Date of the beginning of World War II.
|
1939
|
|
German "lightning war"
|
Blitzkrieg
|
|
Quick surprise strikes by tanks supported by airplanes.
|
Blitzkrieg
|
|
Germany's tactic of striking quickly and deeply into enemy territory.
|
blitzkrieg
|
|
When invading Poland Hitler used the _____.
|
blitzkrieg
|
|
After Hitler invaded Poland, Britain and France __________.
|
declared war on Germany
|
|
Followed Britain and France declaring war on Germany.
|
Phony War
|
|
No fighting on land between the Allies and Germany.
|
Phony War
|
|
Those who fought against the Axis Powers.
|
Allies
|
|
Hitler's armies simply went around it from the North.
|
Maginot Line
|
|
Hitler used the Blitzkrieg to overrun this country in about a month in 1940.
|
France
|
|
British rescued 300,000 troops out of France at this port.
|
Dunkirk
|
|
In 1940, one of the greatest rescues in the history of warfare occurred at _______.
|
Dunkirk
|
|
Northern France was occupied by _____.
|
Germany
|
|
In Southern France the Germans set up a puppet government at _____.
|
Vichy
|
|
Policy followed by the Vichy government of France after Hitler conquered France.
|
collaboration
|
|
Close cooperation
|
collaboration
|
|
French government in exile in London.
|
Free France
|
|
Movement backed by the Free French.
|
Resistance
|
|
French underground movement to oppose the Germans.
|
Resistance
|
|
By 1940 Germany had gained control of most of __________.
|
Western Europe
|
|
Succeeded Neville Chamberlain as Britain's Prime Minister.
|
Winston Churchill
|
|
Hitler wanted to crush this country's air force to prepare to invade it.
|
Britain
|
|
The British RAF defeated the German Luftwaffe.
|
Battle of Britain
|
|
Battle in which Hitler launched the greatest air assault the world had yet seen.
|
Battle of Britain
|
|
New technology used by Britain in the Battle of Britain.
|
Radar
|
|
German Air Force.
|
Luftwaffe
|
|
RAF
|
Royal Air Force
|
|
Commander of the Luftwaffe
|
Herman Goering
|
|
Prevented a German invasion of Britain.
|
Battle of Britain
|
|
Great Britain held out against the German attack at the Battle of _____.
|
Britain
|
|
He inspired the British people to resist the German invasion.
|
Winston Churchill
|
|
When Hitler decided Germany needed more lebensraum he looked to the _____.
|
east
|
|
Head of the Soviet Union during WWII.
|
Joseph Stalin
|
|
After Hitler was unable to invade Britain he broke his non-aggression pact and invaded ____.
|
the Soviet Union
|
|
Ripped through the Soviet Union at first.
|
Blitzkrieg
|
|
The group of countries who opposed the Axis Powers.
|
Allies
|
|
In 1853 he sailed into Tokyo Bay and forced helped force the Japanese to open trade with foreigners.
|
Matthew Perry
|
|
By the beginning of World War I it had become the strongest East Asian nation.
|
Japan
|
|
The Japanese Army acted on its own to overrun the whole of Manchuria.
|
Manchurian Incident
|
|
In 1932, Manchuria was taken over by the _____.
|
Japanese military
|
|
The Manchurian Incident greatly increased ITS power over the Japanese government.
|
Japanese military
|
|
Puppet state after Manchuria was concquered by Japan.
|
Manchukuo
|
|
Date of the Manchurian Incident.
|
1931
|
|
In July of 1937, Japan resumed its invasion of ______.
|
China
|
|
Japanese soldiers brutalized or killed at least 100,000 civilians women or children in the former capital of China.
|
"Rape of Nanjing"
|
|
Britain sent a steady streamof supplies to the Chinese in their war with Japan over the _____.
|
Burma Road
|
|
A 700-mile-long highway linking Burma (present day Myanmar) to China.
|
Burma Road
|
|
Two enemy leaders in China who united to fight the Japanese.
|
Jiang Jieshi & Mao Zedong
|
|
Was created by Japan because it wanted the region's natural resources for its war against China.
|
Greater East Asia-Co-Prosperity Sphere
|
|
In September 1940, Japan allied itself with the _____.
|
Axis Powers
|
|
Avoiding political ties to other countries.
|
isolationism
|
|
After World War I Americans became ____.
|
isolationists
|
|
U.S. laws designed to keep the nation out of future wars.
|
Neutrality Acts
|
|
Group of American isolationists
|
America First Committee
|
|
Policy that required countries at war to pay casy for all nonmilitary goods and provide transport.
|
cash and carry
|
|
The America First Committee wanted to block any further ________.
|
aid to Britain
|
|
During the 1930s, the U.S. focused largely on ______.
|
domestic affairs
|
|
Were passed by congress and designed to limit international involvement.
|
Neutrality Acts
|
|
A group of isolationists that included Charles Lindbergh formed the ______.
|
America First Committee
|
|
Authorized the President to aid any nation whose defense was seen as vital to American security.
|
Lend-Lease Act
|
|
Act authorizing the President to aid any nation's whose defense he felt was vital to American security.
|
Lend-Lease Act
|
|
Part of American policy during the early years of WWII was to remain neutral while making war supplies _______.
|
available to the Allies
|
|
During the early years of WWII, even while supllying weapons to Britain and France the U.S. attempted to remain ______.
|
neutral
|
|
After Japanese forces took complete control of French Indochina FDR froze Japanese ______.
|
financial assets in the U.S.
|
|
After their assets were frozen in the U.S. the Japanese looked to the _______.
|
Dutch East Indies for oil
|
|
Militant Japanese general became prime minister in October of 1941.
|
Tojo Hideki
|
|
Japanese leaders believed they could cripple IT at Pearl Harbor.
|
American naval fleet
|
|
Prompted the U.S. to enter the war in 1941.
|
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
|
|
Shortly after Congress passed a war declaration on Japan, __________.
|
Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.
|