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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the difference btwn reading disorders and dyslexia?
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dyslexia is a type of LD cause by a deficit in phonological processing (decoding). RD originates in other language domains as well. RD has to do with comprehension and single word decoding
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What kinds of phonological deficits seen in children with LLD?
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problems with complex phonological production, phonological awareness, and phonological memory/retrieval
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What syntax problems do children with LLD have?
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trouble understanding relative clauses, passive voice, negation. Morphological errors such as plural "s" account for 2/3 of syntactic errors in speech.
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Why might children with LLD have problems with word retrieval?
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- have smaller vocab because don't acquire new words through reading
- do not store phonological codes in memory the same way |
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IRE format
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initiation/response/evaluation by teacher. Rule of classroom.
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What are Challs stages for reading development?
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stage 0- prereading- pre-K: literacy socialization
stage 1- decoding- grades 1-2 Stage 2- Automaticity- grades 2-4 Stage 3- Reading to learn- grades 4-8 Stage 4- Reading for ideas- grades 8-12 Stage 5- Critical Reading- college |
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What kinds of things do we look for in a screening instrument?
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quick, psychometrically sound- valid/reliable, normed on population similiar to the one you are testing, sensitive to different language areas, clear pass/fair scoring, wide variety of language areas tested
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What are two methods of case finding?
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- Screenings
- Teacher Referral |
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What is the purpose of standardized tests and what are the laws for WA state?
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to qualify for services. For WA in 1.5 SD's below mean on two tests, or 2 SD below mean on 1.
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When should standarized tests of pragmatics be used?
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to establish eligibility if you feel there is a problem but it didn't show up on comprehensive battery
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How do you assess expressive syntax and morphology?
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Collect speech sample, break into T units and do:
1. error analysis 2. complex sentence analysis 2. Look for disruptions |
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What is a complex sentence?
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contain more than one verb phrase in embedded or conjoined multiclause utterances.
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What ways can we do complex sentence analysis?
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- calculate proportion of complex to simple sentences
- look at types of complex sentences that appear and what Brown's stage they appear in - look at use of conjunctions |
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What is a T Unit?
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Main clause with all subordinate clauses and nonclausal phrases attached to or imbedded in it
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When do we analyze a speech sample for distruptions?
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only wehn clients percieved deficits in expressive language cant be reduced to semantic, syntactic, or phonological difficulties
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What aspects of narrative in do we need to assess (general)?
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- comprehension/inferencing
- production |
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How do we assess production in narratives?
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- look at overall maturity of narrative= story macrostucture
- look for clear/appropriate use of linguistic markers like pronouns, prepositions, articles - look for use of precise/diverse vocab, literate language style, highlight high point, sparkle |
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How could we assess metalinguistics?
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edit a writing assignment with teh student so they have to recognize and correct their own errors.
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How can we assess metapragmatics?
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discuss how you would use different language in different contexts
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How can we assess comprehension monitoring?
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Barrier games, having child think aloud while completing a task
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What are the three types of curriculum based assessment?
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-artifact analysis
- onlooker observation - participant observation (dynamic assessment) |
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Artifact analysis
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look at students work to see strengths/weaknesses, what was demanded of assignment and how they reasoned through it
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participant observation
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dynamic assessment technique. work on activity with scaffolding, see which cues best help child.
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onlooker observation
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observe in classroom from distance, see adherence to classroom discourse rules/use of communicative intentions
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What 4 principles should guide intervention in the L4L stage?
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- curriculum based instruction
- go "meta" - integrating oral/written language - preventative intervention |
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What forms of scaffolding can be helpful for students with LLD?
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- Creation of optimal task conditions (making workload easier)
- guidance of selective attention (highlighting important info) - provisions of external support (preteaching) |
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semantic integration
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the ability to synthesize ideas from several linguistic units
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What forms can we work on when doing preventative intervention in the classroom? (syntax)
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- noun phrase elaboration
- verb phrase elaboration - auxillary verb markings |
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L4L
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elementary years, from about kindergarden through 5th grade.
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Langugae Learning Disability
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Students beyond Brown's Stage V, with basic vocabulary and sentence structures, who have various difficulties with communication that interfere with their ability to succeed in the classroom
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Learning Disablities
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unexpected difficulty relative to age and abilities to learn in school
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phonological awareness
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breaking words down into sounds, realizing that sounds can be represented by letters, analyzing and synthesizing words
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What are the three standardized test types that can be used in assessment as a broad based approach?
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1. comprehensive battery tests
2. tests of pragmatics 3. tests of learning related language skills |
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what two areas do we use to assess pragmatics?
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- conversation
- narrative |
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How can we address maladaptive behavior?
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- reinforce positive behavior
- reinforce avoidance of negative behavior |
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What are the "meta" ares that we address?
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- phonological awareness
- metalinguistics - metacognition |
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pull-out/sit-in
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combo of classroom and pull out, pull out sessions prep the student for classroom activities
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