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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In 1860 the ratio of farmers to manufacturingworkers was roughly ____; by 1910 that ratio was ____. |
c. 3:1; 1:1 |
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Between 1870 and 1920, the U.S. laborforce |
b. grew more rapidly than the population |
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. In the 1870s, roughly ___ percent of immigrantscame from northern and western Europe; by1910, more than ___ percent of the total came from southern and eastern Europe. |
d. 80; 60 |
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By 1920, the average workweek in manufacturingwas about _____hours, although it was significantly lower for _______. |
b. 50; skilledworkers |
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Between 1860 and 1890,both daily wages and annual earnings |
d. increased by 50%. |
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Between the 1880s and 1920, women composedroughly ____ of the workforce |
c. 15–20% |
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In 1910 ____ of children between the ages of 10and 15 had jobs, but by 1920, this percentage had fallen to ______ . |
c. 20%; lessthan 10% |
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During what period did thegreatest violence between labor and companies occur? |
c. 1875-1895 |
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The Pullmanstrike of 1894 |
c. was led by Eugene V. Debs |
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Most of the increase in total money supplybetween 1860 and 1920 was due to |
b. the growth of bank deposits. |
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In 1865, Congress raised the tax on state banknotes to 10 percent of the value of notes in circulation. Quantitative evidence shows that by 1900, |
c. the numberof state banks had increased dramatically. |
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During the Civil War, inflation caused U.S.prices to rise by roughly |
d. 76% |
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The Bland-Allison Act of 1878 and the subsequentSherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 |
c. had no significant impact on silver prices orthe price level |
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Persistent U.S. deflation between 1879 and themid-1890s was primarily due to the fact that the ______ was growing faster thanthe ______. |
b. demand for money; supply of money |
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Americans who supported William Jennings Bryan and the “Free Silver” movement |
c. wanted to increase the U.S. price level |
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In the election of 1896, supporters of William McKinleyincluded all of the following except |
b. voters opposed to high tariffs. |
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Deflation |
c. is good for lenders, but bad for borrowers |
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J.P. Morgan was instrumental inthe formation of |
b. U.S. Steel Corporation. |
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According to Martha Olney why did blacks buy oninstallment at almost twice the rate of whites? |
a. Installmentcontracts were formal and could be used legally for repossession while creditagreements could not. |
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Between 1800 and 1910, the percentage of theU.S. population living in cities of 100,000 residents or larger went from ____percent to roughly ___ percent. |
d. 0; 20 |
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What is the most accurate statement about thefraction of the US population that lived in urban areas between 1800 and 1910? |
a. Thefraction of the US population that lived in urban areas grew steadilythroughout the period. |
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Which of the following is least accurate incharacterizing changes in retailing in the second half of the 19th century? |
c. Large growth in the number of “generalstores.” |
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What most accurately describes the US comparedto other nations in the early 1900s? |
b. The US,Great Britain and Germany were the three most industrialized nations. |
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What is most accurate about the United States’trading patterns between 1850 and 1900? |
d. In 1850,the US’s largest export was raw materials and its larges import was finishedmanufacturers. |
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What most accurately describes the US balance of payments? |
a. From 1850-1873 the US had an unfavorablebalance of payments, but exports exceeded imports from 1873-1919 |
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What most accurately describes imperialism between 1870 and1917? |
c. The“Roosevelt Corollary” and the Monroe Doctrine were the primary documents thatoutline the US foreign policy. |
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To pay for WWI, the national debt wasexpanded from ___ percent of GDP at the beginning of the war to ___ percent ofGDP by the end of the war. |
c. 3; 32 |
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One of the causes of WWI was_________. |
b. the assassination in Serbia of AustrianArchduke Ferdinand |
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What best describesthe role of the United States in WWI? |
c. The U.S. entered the war on the side ofRussia and opposed Austria Hungary. |
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The U.S. financed WWI primarily by: |
c. borrowingfrom the public |
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Between 1914 and 1920, the US pricelevel ______________. |
b. nearly doubled. |
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Which of the following was not a reason why wages in the US increased during WWI? |
d. A largeincrease in the number of women who were employed in the labor market. |
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Robert Higgs argued that ___ best explained thegrowth of “Leviathan” (Big Government). |
a. crises that changed fundamental ideologies. |
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All of the following are associated with the WarIndustries Board except |
d. establishing and enforcingminimum wages for manufacturing workers. |
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The War Industries Board, headed by BernardBaruch, performed all of the following functions except |
d. establishingand enforcing minimum wages for manufacturing workers. |
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Which of the following is not accurate about the roles of women in the 1920s? |
a. There was a large increase in the number oftwo earner families. |
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Which of the following was not a major source ofeconomic growth in the 1920s? |
c. railroadconstruction |
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For the first time in the nation's history, by1920 over ____ percent of the population were urban dwellers. |
b. 50 |
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The 1920 census reported that ________ percentof Americans were urban dwellers. |
c. more than 50 |
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The ownership of radios increased from ___percent in 1920 to ___ percent in 1930. |
c. less than one; 40 |
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What is the best description of the US economybetween 1921 and 1928? |
a. Most of the major sectors were growing veryrapidly. |
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During Prohibition the consumption of alcohol_____ and the crime rate _______. |
b. fell;increased. |
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During Prohibition crime ____ and the amountspent on law enforcement ____. |
b. increased dramatically; more than doubled |
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During Prohibition overdose and accidentalpoisoning due to alcohol _____ and the variation in the quality of alcohol_______. |
d. increased; increased. |
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During the 1920s, income inequality __ and thereturn on schooling was relatively __. |
b. increased; high |
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During the Great Depression, real GDP decreasedby roughly ____ percent and unemployment rose to roughly ____ percent |
c. 30; 25 |
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The Stock Market Crash of 1929 probablycontributed ____ to the Great Depression because _____. |
d. a good deal, consumer confidence and spendingon durables were reduced. |
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At its maximum during the Great Depressionunemployment reached approximately ___ percent of the labor force? |
b. 25 |
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In the US in the 1920s, there were many bankfailures in ___ areas, as the result of ___. |
b. rural, pro-urban Federal spending policies. |
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During the Federal Bank Holidayordered by President Roosevelt |
c. the banks were inspected. |
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The failure of the Bank of the United States in December 1930probably intensified the banking panic for each of the following reasons exceptthat it proved that ___ |
c. New York Banks could fail |
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The first banking crisis of the 1930s wasprobably caused by |
b. the stock market crash |
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Between 1929 and 1933, nominal interest rates____, and real interest rates ____. |
c. fell, rose |
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Andrea Schwatz has argued that the GreatDepression was caused by |
a. the fall in the stock of money |
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One reason the Federal Reserve Board in Washington did not actas a lender of last resort during the early years of the Great Depression, wasits power struggle with ____. |
c. Federal Reserve Bank of New York |
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Which U.S. President was in office for most ofWWII? |
c. Franklin D. Roosevelt |
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In 1940, federal government purchases of goods and servicesequaled roughly _____ of GDP; by 1943, this figure had risen to ________. |
b. 8%; 50% |
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In 1940, civilian purchases of goods and services equaledroughly _____ of GDP; by 1943, this figure had changed to ________. |
a. 92%; 50% |
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Between 1940 and 1944, real Federal spendingincreased by roughly ____ percent. |
d. 1000 |
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The draft is analogous to a tax, where theamount of the tax equals |
c. thedifference between what a soldier would need to be paid to serve voluntarilyand his/her actual pay. |
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The GI Bill is often cited as a successfulexample of |
c. a voucher program |