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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Agrimony - what part of the plant is used?
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Entire plant, including roots.
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Agrimony - uses?
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Diuretic and astringent therapy for sore throats, kidney stones and jaundice.
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Agrimony - latin names?
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Agrimonia gryposepala and agrimonia eupatoria
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Aletris - latin name, common name?
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Aletris farinose, whitetube stargrass
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Aletris - part of plant used?
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Leaves, as poultice. Liquid from boiled roots.
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Aletris root - uses?
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Relieve breast soreness (leaf poultice). Relieve stomch pains, anxiety,, edema (boiled root liquid).
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Alfalfa latin name?
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Medicago sativa
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Alfalfa use?
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Powdered leaves have been mixed with cider vinegar as a tonic beverage
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Aloe vera - latin name?
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Aloe vera, aloe barbadensis
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Hoe does aloe exert its effects on the colon?
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1,8 dihydroxyanthacene derivatives, which are water soluble extracts from the leaves, are converted by endogenous/bacterial enzymes in the colon into aloe-emodin anthrone which irritates the colonic mucosa and stimulates peristalsis. = laxative
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What is the danger of chronic use of aloe vera as a laxative?
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Weight loss, electrolyte imbalance and dehydration due to increased transit time, reduced nutrient absorption and increased water loss through feces. Damage to colonic epithelium and mucosa.
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Any contraindications of aloe vera?
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Pregnancy. May trigger reflex stimulation of uterine muscle.
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What is the use of aloe vera topically?
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Accelerates healing of small skin lacerations and first-degree sunburn.
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Angelica - latin names?
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Angelica atropurpurea, angelica archangelica
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Angelica - what part used? and for what?
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Dried seeds: relief of flatulence, UTI, inappetance, fever. Root preparations: induce vomiting and perspiration and for toothache, bronchitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, fever, hypomenorrhea |
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Anise - latin name?
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Pimpinella anisum
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Anise - member of what food family?
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Carrot (apiaciae?)
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Anise - uses and how used?
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Hot tea brewed from seeds may relieve flatulence, colic, cough, bronchitis and oral inflammation
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Arnica - latin and other names?
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Arnica montana, leopard's bane, mountain tobacco, mountain daisy, wolf's bane
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Arnica uses
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Creams made from decoctions of dried flowers are the most common homeopathic tx for muscle strain and soreness.
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What is the FDA-approved use of arnica?
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Flavoring agent for alcoholic beverages.
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Asefatida - use?
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Gummy resin from roots used as antispasmodic, and, worn in a bag around the neck, to 'ward off' influenza and common cold. Pardon me??? |
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Astragalus - other names?
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Huang-Qi, astragalus mebranaceus
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What are the active constituents of astragalus root?
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triterpene glycosides, saponins, beta-sitosterol, LCFAs, isoflavonoids, polysaccharides
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Uses of astragalus?
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Antiviral, antioxidant, fibrinolytic, hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory. May also reverse drug or alcohol-induced memory impairment, increase cardiac output and improve GI smooth muscle tone and motility. RH - what about adaptogenic, adrenal etc? |
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Use of bacopa monniera?
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reduction of anxiety, mental fatigue, nervousness and irritability. Increases concentration, short term memory and feeling of wellbeing.
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Bayberry alternative nmes?
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Southern Wax Myrtlye, Myrica cerifera
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Bayberry part of plant used and preparation
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Decoction of root bark and fluid from boiled leaves
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Bayberry root bark uses?
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Treat uterine hemorrhage, jaundice, dysentery, canker sores.
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Bayberry fluid from boiled leaves, uses?
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Treat fever and intestinal parasites
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Bearberry alternative names
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Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
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Uva ursi preparation
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Fluid from boiled leaves
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Uses of uva ursi
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Diuretic and to treat strains, stomach pains, incontinence and inflammation from contact with poison oak.
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Bee pollen uses
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May confer some protection against radiation injury.
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Bee pollen negative effects
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Individuals allergic/sensitive to bees may develop pruritis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchospasm and anaphylaxis. Individuals not allergic/sensitive to bees may develop hypereosinophilia, memory loss, headaches, nausea or diarrhea. |
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Black cohosh scientific name?
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Cimicifuga racemosa
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Black cohosh preparation?
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Decoctions from rhizomes and roots
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Uses of black cohosh?
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Treat sore throat, RA, kidney infections, PMS symptoms.
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Black currant seed oil active constituents
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GLA and ALA
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Uses of black currant seed oil
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Anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic. But is not hypocholesteremic. Caution with anticoagulant meds.
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What is Juglans nigra
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Black walnut
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Uses of black walnut inner bark?
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Mild laxative
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Uses of black walnut husk of nut
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Treating intestinal parasites, ulcers, syphilis, and fungal infections
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Uses of black walnut leaves?
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Infestation of bedbugs.
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Blackberry tea uses
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Tx of nasal catarrh, dysentry
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What is Cnicus benedictus?
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Blessed thistle
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Uses of blessed thistle leaves/flower tops
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Tx of cancer and respiratory infections, to induce sweating and urination and to reduce fever.
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What do blessed thistle seeds do?
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Induce vomiting
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Uses of boneset?
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Tx symptoms of common cold and malaria
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What is borago officinalis?
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Borage
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What part of the borage plant is used?
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Oil from leaves
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What is borage leaf oil used for?
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GLA in oil increases sweating, diuretic, sooths intestinal cramps, reduces swelling
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What is a tincture of dried buchu leaves used for?
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Tx genital and urinary tract infections, indigestion, edema and diabetes.
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What part of buckthorn is used as a laxative?
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Bark and berries
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Burdock root uses?
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Tx coughs, asthma, stomach ache, and to stimulate menstruation
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Calamus roots uses?
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Clear phlegm and ease stomach gas and cramps
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What is catnip used for?
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Tx colds, nervous disorders, stomach ailments, respiratory ailments, swelling, infant colic and hives
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What is the common name for nepeta cataria that is used to tx infant colic and hives?
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Catnip
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What part of cat's claw is used?
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root (extract)
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Uses of cat's claw?
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Anti-inflammatory, inhibits platelet aggregation. Antihypertensive (maybe)
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Use of Cayenne?
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Hyperemic and reduces pain
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Uses of celery seeds?
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Diuretic, sedative, flatulence suppressant
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What is Anthemis nobilis
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Chamomile
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Part of chamomile plant used?
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leaves and flowers - powdered and mixed with boiling water. Tea from leaves
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Uses of chamomile
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Powdered leaves/flowers - stimulates stomach motility, decreases nervousness, stimulates menstrual flow and relieves pain. Tea from leaves - soothing and harmless.
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WHat is vitex agnus-castus
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Chaste tree
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Effects of Chaste Tree
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Inhibit FSH, prolactin secretion and lactation
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Chickweed uses
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Treat sores, ulcers, infections, hemmorhoids
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Chicory uses
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Increases appetite, relieves dyspepsia.
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Chives uses
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Antihelmitic properties (claimed)
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Chlorella properties
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Anticarcinogenic, immunostimulatory, hypolipidemic. May increase gastric mucosal resistance to irritant stimuli. Side effects of 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy may be attenuated
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Cinnamon - part of plant used
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Bark, liquid extract
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Cinnamon active constituent
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Cinnmaldehyde, also cinnzeylanin and cinnceylanol
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Cinnamon health properties
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Antibacterial, antifungal, insecticide
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What is sygyzium aromaticum?
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Clove
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Uses of clove?
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Promote salivation and gastric secretion, reduce abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting and relieve arthritis, lumbago, toothache, muscle cramps and neuralgia
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Colt's foot uses
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Contains mucin that reduces inflammation of throat.
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What potential harmful substance is contained in Colt's food?
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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids - carcinogenic and hepatoxic
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Comfrey uses
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Suppresses leukocyte infiltration during acute inflammation. Used to treat pneumonia, coughs, diarrhea, osteoporosis, colds, sores, ulcers, arthritis, gallstones, headaches, hemorrhoids, gout, burns, kidney stones, anemia, tuberculosis |
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What is taraxacum officinale?
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Dandelion
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Use of dandelion root
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Diuretic, laxative, stimulator of bile acid secretion and appetite stimulant.
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Ecchinacea root uses
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Immunostimulatory
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Eucalyptus uses
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Antiseptic, accelerate wound healing
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Eyebright uses
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Whooping cough, asthma, epilepsy, pneumonia, hysteria (?????? RH), convulsions
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Fennel uses
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Carminative, reduce flatulence, relieve intestinal cramps. stimulate bile.
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Fenugreek seeds uses
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Poultice for wounds, gargle for tx of sore throats. Ingestion of whole seeds is hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic
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What is tanacetum parthenium?
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Feverfew
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Uses of Feverfew
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anti-inflammatory, inhibits platelet aggregation and prostaglandin synthesis. Alleviates headaches, arthritis, allergies
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What is linseed?
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Flax
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Uses of ground flaxseed
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Poultice for use on burns, boils, carbuncles, and sores.
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what is allium sativum
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garlic
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Uses of garlic
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Expulsion of parasites, treat coughs, hoarseness, asthma. Antimicrobial, antiviral, hypolipidemic and fibrinolytic, increases intracellular glutathione, anti-platelet thromboxane formation and increases cytotoxicity of NK cells
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Constituents of garlic, and what they are converted to upon exposure to air
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Alliin, converted to allicin.
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What enzyme does allicin inhibit
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HMG-CoA reductase
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Any adverse reactions to garlic?
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Headache, nausea, vomiting and feeling of fullness
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What is zingiber officionale
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Ginger
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Ginger uses
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- Expectorant, anti-flatulence, common colds, sore throats (rhizomes) - Protects gastric mucosa against HCL-ethanol erosive damage and NSAID ulceration (root acetone extracts) - Cholagogic effect, increased pancreatic enzyme secretion, increases gastric motility Reduces morning sickness |
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Properties of ginkgo biloba
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antioxidant, antiplatelet activating factor, cerebrovasodilatory, neuroreceptor modulating and pro-lipolytic activities.
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Any cautions with ginkgo biloba?
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No known coagulants but may potentiate anticoagulants
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What is panax quinquefolia
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ginseng
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Ginseng root uses
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Stimulant and in tx of convulsions, dizziness, vomiting, colds, fevers, headaches and arthritis. Stimulates lipolysis and accelerates cellular uptake of glucose. |
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Goldenseal active constituent
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Berberine
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Goldenseal uses
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Fluid from roots - appetite stimulant Powdered root - open lacerations Inhibits growth of pathogenic bacteria Reduces blood pressure Anticoagulatn |
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Gymnema sylvestre uses |
Inhibition of dietary glucose absorption. Attenuates postprandial hyperglycemia (via pro-insulin secretion) |
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What is crataegus oxycantha?
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Hawthorn
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Hawthorn uses?
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Increase coronary blood flow, mildly antiarrhythmic, may alleviate angina pectoris and other heart conditions, and reverse atherosclerosis
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Hemlock uses?
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None. Poisonous.
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What is humulus lupulus?
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Hops
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Hops uses?
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For anxiety, insomnia, fever, parasites. As poultice for boils.
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What components of horehound stimulate gastric/bile acids?
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Bitter marrubiin and premarrubiin
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Huckleberry uses
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Decoctions - sore throat and diarrhea
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Juniper berries properties/uses
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Diuretic, induce menstruation, relieve gas, tx intestinal parasites and snake bite
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Kava kava contraindications
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Clinical depression
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Lemon balm uses
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Carminative, diaphoretic, ferbrifuge, mild sedative
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What is Melissa officinalis?
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Lemon balm
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What is Glycyrrhiza lepidota?
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Licorice
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Ephedra cautions
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Many individuals respond with hypertension and tachycardia
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Marshmallow uses
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Alleviates local irritation, stimulates phagocytosis, accelerates glucose uptake, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory. Used for cough remedies and gargle for mouth/throat
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What is silybum marianum?
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Milk thistle
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Active constituent of milk thistle?
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Silymarin
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T/F milk thistle increases glutathione synthesis
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T
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Up to what amount of milk thistle has not shown to have adverse effects?
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500 mg d
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Motherwort uses
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Stimulant and diuretic
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Mullein flower oil uses
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Tx earache
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What is muristica fragrans?
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Nutmeg
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What fruit contains proteolytic enzymes
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Papaya
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What part of parsley has diuretic effect
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Root
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Passion flower tea uses?
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Induce sleep
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Peppermint uses
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Relieve pain, nausea, headache, may be antiviral
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Plantain seed uses
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Laxative
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Plantain fruit effects?
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Hypocholesterolemic
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What are cucurbita pepo?
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Pumpkin seeds
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What seeds contain delta-7-sterols that mimic dihydrotestosterone and may reduce prostate hyperplasia?
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pumpkin
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What is trifolium pratense
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Red clover
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T/F sage is a member of th emint family?
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T
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Sage properties (Whole leaf extract)?
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Antibacterial, fungistatic, virostatic and inhibits perspiration.
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Sarsaparilla root properties
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Diuretic, irritates urinary tract, aphrodisiac (maybe)
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Sassafras root bark caution?
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Contains carcinogenic oils RH - note the controversy is over safrole, which when fed in massive qties to animals induced liver cancer. But safrole is also in cinnamon and nutmeg |
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What is serenoa serrulata
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Saw Palmetto RH: was it not serenoa repens in our botanicals course? Must be going mad. |
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Saw Palmetto effects?
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Inibit dihydrotestosterone binding to prostate cells, and conversion of testosterone to a factor trophic for the prostate. Inhibits bening prostatic hyperplasia.
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