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154 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the carbon-carbon bond angle around carbon #2 of 2-methyl-2-propene?
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120º
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true about 2-methyl-2-pentene and 3-methyl-2-pentene
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3-methyl-2-pentene exhibits cis-trans isomerism, but 2-methyl-2-pentene does not.
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what is the product for the reaction: CH₂=CH₂ + Br₂ →
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CH₂BrCH₂Br
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The product for the reaction below is: CH₃CH=CH₂+ HCl→
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CH₃CHClCH₃
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When hydrogen chloride is present in excess, the product for the reaction below is: CH≡CH + HCl →
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CH₃CHCl₂
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a homologous family of unsaturated hydrocarbons
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Alkenes Alkynes Aromatics
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According to IUPAC naming rules, a carbon-carbon triple bond is indicated by the ending:
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yne
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aromatic compounds
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C₆H₅OH
C₆H₆ C₆H₅CH₃ |
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How many dichloroethene geometric isomers are possible?
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3
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The double bond in an alkene consists of:
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a sigma bond and a pi bond
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How many sigma bonds does the following molecule have? CH3CH = CH2
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8
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structural feature that is never associated with cis-trans isomerism?
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triple bonds
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formula that represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon
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C₆H₆ C₄H₆
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two names that represent different compounds
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1,2-dichlorobenzene and meta-dichlorobenzene
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How many hydrogen atoms are needed to saturate the open chain compound C₈H12?
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6
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the correct name for CH₂=CH₂
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ethene
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the correct name for CH≡CH
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ethyne
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the correct name for CH₃CH₂CH = CH₂
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1-butene
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the correct name for CH₃C ≡ CCH₃
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2-butyne
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compounds insoluble in water
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Ethene
Propene 1-Butene |
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How many different products will form when Br2 reacts with 1-butene in the absence of UV radiation?
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One
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When 1-hexene and bromine are mixed together the resulting mixture is reddish brown. Over a period of time the reddish brown color dissipates. Why does the reddish brown color dissipate?
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Because Br2 is reddish brown. Br2 is consumed during the reaction causing the reddish brown color to dissipate+.
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Markovnikov is:
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The name of a Russian chemist
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The compound with the formula C5H10 can be either an alkene or a cycloalkane.
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True
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There are two isomers of dibromobenzene, C₆H₄Br₂.
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False
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1-pentene and cyclopentane are isomers.
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True
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When HCl adds to a double bond, the chlorine atom will attach to the carbon atom that has the greater number of hydrogen atoms
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False
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When Cl₂ is added to the molecule CH₃CH = CH₂, the product is CH₃CH₂Cl.
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False
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The geometry of organic compounds can affect their biological activity.
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True
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How many sigma bonds and pi bonds are in 3-isopropylcyclobutene?
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1 pi bond and 18 sigma bonds.
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Give the IUPAC names for five compounds with the formula C₄H₈.
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cyclobutane, 1-butene, 2-methylpropene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene
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Give two reasons why it is believed that benzene does not consist of typical single and double bonds between the carbon atoms.
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Benzene does not react like a typical alkene, for example it does not add bromine as is seen in propene, thus typical double bonds are not present. Also, X-ray diffraction data shows that the distance between the carbon atoms is less than the carbon-carbon single bond distance, and greater than the carbon-carbon double bond distance.
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the correct molecular formula for chloroform
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CHCl3
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can exist as more than one isomer
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C3H7Cl
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Which formula can be a cycloalkane
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C5H10
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The number of monochlorination substitution products of hexane is:
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3
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The carbon-carbon bond angle in an open chain alkane is usually:
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109.5º
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Identify the next compound in this homologous series: propane, butane, pentane, _____
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hexane
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How many primary carbon atoms are present in 3-isopropylhexane?
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6
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Which formula represents an alkane (alkene or alkyne)?
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CnH2n+2
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How many monochloro isomers are possible for 2-methylhexane?
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6
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How many dichloro isomers are possible for propane?
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4
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Which of the following is true regarding cyclobutane (cyclopropane, cyclohexane)?
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The carbon-carbon bonds are under considerable strain.
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Butane is best described as an:
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aliphatic hydrocarbon
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The molar mass of 2,3-dichlorobutane is (must be able to write the molecular formula and calculate the molar mass for any compound discussed in class or homework)
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127 g/mol
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Identify the correct IUPAC name for CH3CH2CH3.
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Propane
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correct name for the alkane shown with it
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CH4, methane
C3H8, propane C9H20, nonane |
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represents the condensed structural formula of pentane (any other alkane)?
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CH3(CH2)3CH3
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How many possible isomers exist having the molecular formula C5H12 ( butane, pentane, hexane)?
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3
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Which formula represents a cycloalkane
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CnH2n
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Which of the following is a correct molecular formula for a cycloalkane?
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C6H12
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How many hydrogen atoms are present in a butane molecule?
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10
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Ethane reacts with chlorine in the presence of light to form chloroethane. What type of chemical reaction is this?
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Substitution
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How many monochlorinated isomers can be formed from the chlorination of heptane?
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Four
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Which molecular formula corresponds to cycloheptane (any other cycloalkane)?
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C7H14
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Which element is found in all organic compounds?
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Carbon
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A theory that predicts the shapes of molecules is:
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Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory
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What elements are found in organic molecules?
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Oxygen
Nitrogen Sulfur |
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examples of hydrocarbons
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Alkanes
Alkenes Alkynes |
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How many primary carbon atoms does hexane (any other alkane/alkene) have?
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Two
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True/False:
A methane molecule is composed of a carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms, all five atoms lie in the same plane, and all bond angles are 90 degrees. |
False
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True/False:
Alkanes are straight or branched-chain hydrocarbons having only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms. |
True
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True/False:
When compounds have the same molecular formula but different structures they are called isotopes. |
False
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True/False:
The chemical products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon are carbon dioxide and water. |
True
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True/False:
Cycloalkanes contain two less hydrogens than the open-chain alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. |
True
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True/False:
Cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane are isomers. |
True
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True/False:
The general formula for an alkane is CnH2n+2.. |
True
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True/False:
Compounds that are isomers of each other always have the same melting points. |
False
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D-ribose and L-ribose are examples of
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enantiomers
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The common starch polymer which is non-branched and forms a helical structure in solution is called
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amylose
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If two sugars are related by mutarotation, they must represent a pair of:
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anomers
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A compound with the formula C12H22O11, was isolated from a certain plant seed. Hydrolysis in acid yielded only glucose. What was the compound?
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maltose
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true about lactose
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It is hydrolyzed by lactase.
It is metabolized by bacteria that live in the large intestines. It is produced in mammary glands. |
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true about glucose
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It is also called blood sugar, grape sugar, and dextrose.
It does not require digestion. It has four chiral carbons. |
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true about cellulose
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It is the most abundant organic chemical in the world.
Paper, cotton, and gun cotton are made from cellulose. It has greater resistance to hydrolysis than either starch or glycogen. |
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true about starch
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Partial hydrolysis yields maltose.
Alpha-glycosidic bonds link the monomers together. It is insoluble in cold water. |
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19. The hydrolysis of an oligosaccharide results in:
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two to six monosaccharides that may or may not be the same
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The most abundant organic chemical in the world is:
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Cellulose
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D-glucose and L-glucose are:
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enantiomers
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Beta-D-glucose and alpha-D-glucose are:
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anomers and diastereomers
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For a compound to be classed as a lipid, it must:
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be soluble in nonpolar solvents
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What is the defining characteristic of a lipid?
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All lipids are soluble in non-polar organic solvents.
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A cephalin is also known as:
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phosphatidyl ethanolamine
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Phosphatidyl choline is an example of a:
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phospholipid
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A sphingolipid always contains:
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sphingosine
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What is the difference between saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids?
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Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds, saturated fatty acids do not.
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the parent molecule for steroids
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Cholesterol
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Cholesterol is a:
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steroid
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involved in cholesterol transport
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very low density lipoprotein
low density lipoprotein high density lipoprotein |
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characteristic of a cell membrane
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The bilayer interior is formed from the hydrophobic regions of two adjoining layers of lipid molecules.
The surface of the membrane is hydrophilic. Proteins allow the transport of hydrophilic substances across the membrane. |
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Waxes are composed of:
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one long chain fatty acid and one long chain alcohol.
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simple lipids
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fat
oil wax |
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true of waxes
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Some of them protect leaves and fruits.
They contain an ester bond. They are one of the most hydrophobic classes of lipids. |
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true about phospholipids
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They contain two fatty acid molecules.
They have a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region. They are found in cell membranes. |
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What effect does the inclusion of cholesterol in a lipid bilayer membrane have on the properties of the membrane?
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The inclusion of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer adds rigidity to the membrane.
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Which of the following best describe the composition of sphingomyelin?
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contains sphingosine + 1 fatty acid + +Phosphoric acid + choline
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Which of the following best describe the composition of cerebroside?
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contains sphingosine + 1 fatty acid + galactose
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describe the composition of oil
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contains glycerol +3 fatty acids
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describe the composition of lecithin
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contains glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphoric acid + choline
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types of compound lipids
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Phospholipid
Sphingolipid Glycolipid |
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compound lipids found in biological membranes
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glycolipids
cephalins lecithins |
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True about fat molecules
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Fat molecules are approximately 75% carbon by mass
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true about fat energy
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On average humans store about two to three weeks of energy as fat
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Which is present in biological membranes?
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Phospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycolipids are present in biological membranes
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A peptide is known to have the sequence (Gly-Try-Asp)n. This provides information about its:
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primary structure
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Because hemoglobin has a quaternary structure, oxygen binding to this protein is:
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cooperative
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The protein primary structure is held together by:
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peptide bonds
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A regular, three-dimensional structure, which provides strength for protein, most probably falls into the class of:
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secondary structure
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The Beta-pleated sheet is an example of:
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a secondary protein structure.
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Tertiary protein structure is:
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the overall conformation or shape of a single polypeptide chain.
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What type of amino acid interactions stabilize tertiary protein structure?
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Covalent bonds.
Ionic bonds. Hydrogen bonds. |
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Which amino acid has residues that will participate in disulfide bonds?
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Cysteine
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Fibrous proteins contain highly developed __________ structure.
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secondary
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will cause protein hydrolysis
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strong acid
strong base enzymes |
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What type of protein structure develops when two proteins combine to form one larger protein?
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quaternary structure
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fibrous proteins
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fibroin
collagen alpha-keratin |
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true about collagen
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Collagen molecules are stacked like cordwood to form tough fibers.
Each collagen protein is composed of 3 helices wrapped around each other. Collagen provides support for bone, ligaments, tendons, and skin. |
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contributes to tertiary structure
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hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds disulfide bonds |
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Combining three amino acids produces:
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a tripeptide + 2 water molecules
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what is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins
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hydrogen bonding along the peptide backbone
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what is responsible for the tertiary structure of proteins
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interactions between amino acid side chains
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what is responsible for the quaternary structure of proteins
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noncovalent bonds between subunits
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agents that can denature proteins?
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salt
alcohol UV light |
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examples of globular proteins
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Myoglobin
Hemoglobin |
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True about proteins
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Proteins are present in every living cell.
Proteins are one of the three major classes of foods. Proteins that yield only amino acids upon hydrolysis are called simple proteins. |
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What are conjugated proteins?
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Proteins that yield products other than amino acids when they are hydrolyzed
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D-alanine and L-alanine are _____
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structural isomers
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correct concerning the tripeptide Ala-Pro-Gly
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The Ala is the N-terminal residue
The Gly is the C-terminal residue The tripeptide contains two peptide bonds |
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Before a dietary protein can be used to provide nutrition:
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the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of the protein must be destroyed
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components of DNA and RNA
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phosphoric acid
a pentose sugar nitrogen-containing bases |
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pyrimidine bases
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thymine
uracil cytosine |
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The two strands of DNA are held together by:
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hydrogen bonding
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The three components of a nucleotide are:
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a five-carbon sugar, a heterocyclic amine base and a phosphate group
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base pair in a 1:1 ratio in double stranded DNA
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adenine: thymine
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upon hydrolysis, cellobiose yields:
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only beta-glucose
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when phosphatidic acid is bonded to ethanolamine the resulting phospholipid is called:
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a cephalin
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The R group for the amino acid glutamic acid is:
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-CH2CH2COOH
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chiral amino acids
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alanine
serine valine |
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describe the composition of sphingolipids
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contains sphingosine + 1 fatty acid + a hydrophilic group (either phosphate and choline, or a carbohydrate)
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a decrease in pH _____ the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
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decreases
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a decrease in concentration of CO2 _____ the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
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increases
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true about the tripeptide Cys-Gly-Ser
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the tripeptide contains 2 peptide bonds
there are a total of six different tripeptides that can be formed from Cys, Gly, and Ser The Ser is the C-terminal residue |
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describe essential amino acids
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the amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the organism involved and must be supplied in the diet
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esters of high molar mass fatty acids and high molar mass alcohols are called:
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waxes
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true about hemoglobin
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it is a globular protein that binds oxygen in the red blood cells
it is a transport protein it has a quaternary structure |
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combining four amino acids produces:
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a tetrapeptide + 3 water molecules
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true about beta-keratins
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they have beta conformation
adjacent polypeptide chains run antiparallel polypeptide chains are hydrogen bonded |
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oxygen binding to hemoglobin when the first oxygen facilitates the binding of the second, then the third and fourth oxygen is called:
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cooperative
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will destroy the primary structure of a protein
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strong acid such as HCl
strong base such as NaOH enzyme |
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if the protein helps transport without using energy, the process is called:
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facilitated diffusion
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describe the composition of a biological membrane
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hydrophilic exterior and hydrophobic interior
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compounds found in biological membranes
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cholesterol
proteins lipids |
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true about fats, waxes, and oils
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fats and waxes are solids due to a higher composition of saturated fatty acids while oils are liquids due to a higher composition of unsaturated fatty acids
|
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the tertiary structure of a protein molecule is held together by a variety of interactions between amino acid side chains including:
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hydrogen bonding
ionic bonding disulfide bonding |