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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heredity
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the transmission of traits from one generation to the next
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Gregor Mendel worked in the ____.
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1860s
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Genes are ____.
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units of information about specific traits
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Alleles are a _____.
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different molecular form of a gene found on homologous chromosomes
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Monohybrid cross is ______.
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a cross between purebred parents that differ in only one character (AA x aa) = (Aa) F1 monohybrids
(Aa x Aa) = (AA, Aa, aa) F2 monohybrids |
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Hybrids are _____.
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the offspring of two different purebred varieties
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Monohybrid cross ratio
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1:2:1
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Dihybrid ratio if both parents heterozygous
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9:3:3:1
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Phenotype >
Genotype > Gamete > |
> Tall, short
>TtRr >TR, Tr, tR, tr |
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Incomplete Dominance
F1 plants will all be ____. F2 plants will be _____ratio. |
pink
1:2:1 |
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In incomplete dom., phenotypic ratio = _______ ratio
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genotypic
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Incomplete Dominance in flowers means that red flower x white flower will =
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pink flower
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Co-dominant in flowers means that red flower x white flower =
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red flower with white spots
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Linked genes are inherited _____.
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together
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Recombinant phenotypes are from ________ _______.
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crossing over
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Autosomes are ____________.
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homologous chromosomes found in same length (22 pairs)
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Sex chromosomes are_____.
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Homologous chromosomes found in different lengths (1 pair)
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Dominant/recessive sex traits found in __ chromosome only
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X
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Autosomal Dominant Inheritance traits appear in ____ generation
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every
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Examples of Auto.Dom.Inheritance.
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Achondroplasia (Hom.=stillbirth)
Huntingtons Disease Glaucoma |
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Autosomal Dominant is ____ onset and there are no _____.
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adult; carriers
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Autosomal Recessive can ____ generations, parents can be ______or_____, is _____ onset.
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skip
carriers or affected early |
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Examples of Auto Rec.
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xeroderma pigmentosum
type 1 diabetes |
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X-linked recessive shows in ___ more than ____, can only be inherited from ____.
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M; F
Mother |
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Examples of X-linked rec.
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baldness
colorblindness hemophilia musc. dystrophy |
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Testing for genetic disorders (3)
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Carrier screening
Parental diagnosis Preimplantation diagnosis |
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Parental diagnosis (4)
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-Amniocentesis (cells amniotic fluid)
-Chorionic villi sampling (cells Chor. villi) -Fetoscopy (umbilical vein) -Fetal cell sampling (fetal cells in mothers blood) |
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Most changes in chromosome number are due to _______.
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nondisjunction
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nondisjunction occurs at__/__ and results in ___ or _____
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anaphase I or II
aneuploidy or polyploidy |
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Nondisjx Anaphase I =
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all 4 gametes affected (1 extra or 1 less) polyploidy
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Nondisjx Anaphase II =
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2 gametes affected, either n+1 or n-1 (aneuploidy)
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Aneuploidy individuals have ___ or ____ chromosome
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one extra or one less
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Trisomy
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a person with an extra chromosome (2n+1);
Down syndrome, Klinefelter syn., XXY |
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Monosomy
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a person with one less chromosome (2n-1)
Turner syndrome(XO) YO: lethal |
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Aneuploidy is a major cause of ______.
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Human reproductive failure/miscarriages
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Polyploidy
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Indiv have 3 or more of each type of chromosome (3n, 4n)
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Polyploidy is common in ____ and is _____ for humans
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flowers; lethal
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Down Syndrome- trisomy of chromosome # ____
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21
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Risk of Down syn. increases dramatically in mothers over ___yrs old
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35
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Turner syn. is inheritance of only one ___.
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X - (XO)
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98% of turner syn. are aborted, the survivors are ___, ____ _____.
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short, infertile females
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Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) results mainly from ____ in mother
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nondisjx
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Phenotype of XXY is ___ ____.
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tall males
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XXY produces males that are ____ with ____ traits.
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sterile, feminized
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Jacobs syndrome (XYY) produces ____ than avg males, can be ___ ____ with persistent ____.
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taller
mentally impaired acne |
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Duplication
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ABC DEFG
one segment repeats ABC DE{DE}FG may repeat multiple times ABC DE{DE}{DE}FG |
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Deletion
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ABC DEFG
loss of segment (lethal/serious disorder) ABC FG |
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Inversion
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ABC DEFG
A linear stretch of DNA is reversed w/in the chrom. ABC GFED |
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Translocation
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ABC DEF and GH IJKLM
segment is removed from one chrom. and placed in a nonhomologous chrom. A DEF > GH IJ{BC}KLM |
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Death will take place with which missing chrom?
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Y
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Which type of autosomal inheritance is early onset?
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recessive
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What type of dominance is blood?
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Co-dominant
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What type of dominance has a phenotypic ratio=genotypic ratio?
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incomplete
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What type of inheritance is Huntingtons disease?
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Autosomal dominant
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Nondisjx takes place during which phase?
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Anaphase
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