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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe the major trade off involved in joint structure and function.
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*Mobility vs. Stability
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List and briefly describe the three classifications of joints based on degree of
movement |
*Synarthroses - immovable
*Amphiarthroses – slight movement *Diarthroses – freely movable |
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List and briefly describe the three (4) types
of joints based on joint structure. |
*Bony fusion - synostosis
*Fibrous joints – joined by Dense regular connective tissue *Cartilaginous joints – jointed by cartilage *Synovial Joints – capsule and space between bones |
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List and briefly describe the three types of
fibrous joint. |
*Suture-between skull bones
*Gomphoses-Between teeth and jaw *Syndesmoses-Interosseus membrane-Radius/ulna and tibia/fibula |
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List and briefly describe the two types of
cartilaginous joint. Give examples of each |
*Symphyses-Fibrocartilage,
Pubic symphysis / Intervertebral discs *Synchondroses-Hyaline cartilage, Epyphyseal plates, costochondral joints, 1st sternocostal joint |
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What major feature separates synovial joints
from fibrous and cartilaginous joints? |
Joint cavity
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What fills the cavity in synovial joints?
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Synovial fluid
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What are the 3 functions of synovial fluid?
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*Lubrication
*Nourishment *Shock absorption |
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What do we call the small, fluid-filled
pockets that form where tendons or ligaments rub against other tissues, reducing that friction and acting as shock absorbers? |
Bursae
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What do we call tubular forms of these sacs
that surround tendons where they pass across bony surfaces (such as in our carpal tunnel)? |
Tendon sheaths
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What motion consists of two opposing
surfaces sliding past one another, generally with only slight movement allowed? |
Gliding (a linear motion)
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What motion is movement away from the
longitudinal axis of the body in the coronal plane? |
Abduction
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What motion is movement towards the
longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal (coronal) plane? |
Adduction
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What motion is movement in the
anterior/posterior (sagittal) plane that reduces the angle between articulating elements? |
Flexion
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What motion is movement in the
anterior/posterior (sagittal) plane that increases the angle between articulating elements? |
Extension
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What motion is movement in the
anterior/posterior (sagittal) plane that increases the angle between articulating elements by beyond its normal limits? |
Hyperextension
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What motion occurs when the vertebral
column bends to the side? |
Lateral flexion
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What type of motion is a sequence of
movements where the proximal end of an appendage remains relatively stationary as the distal end makes a circular motion (the limb makes a cone)? |
Circumduction
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What type of motion is a pivoting
movement in which the bone turns on its own long axis? |
Rotation
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What type of motion is a pivoting
movement in which the bone turns on its own long axis such that the anterior portion of the limb rotates inward, towards the body? |
Medial rotation
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What type of motion is a pivoting
movement in which the bone turns on its own long axis such that the anterior portion of the limb rotates outward, away from the body? |
Lateral rotation
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What type of motion twists the hand, wrist,
and antebrachium such that the palm moves from an anteriorly facing position (anatomical position) to face posteriorly? |
Pronation
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What type of motion twists the hand, wrist,
and antebrachium such that the palm moves from a posteriorly facing position to face anteriorly (anatomical position)? |
Supination
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What motion is the elevation of the distal
portion of the foot and the toes? |
Dorsiflexion
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What motion is the elevation of the heel?
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Plantar flexion
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What motion is a twisting of the foot that
positions the sole laterally? |
Eversion
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What motion is a twisting of the foot that
positions the sole medially? |
Inversion
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What motion is the moving of a body part
anteriorly in the horizontal plane? |
Protraction
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What motion is the moving of a body part
posteriorly in the horizontal plane? |
Retraction
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What motion produces pad to pad contact
between the thumb and the palm or another digit? |
*Opposition(Reposition returns the fingers to the anatomical
position) |
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What motion occurs when a structure moves
in a superior direction? |
Elevation
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What motion occurs when a structure moves
in an inferior direction? |
Depression
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What type of synovial joint has flattened (or
slightly curved) faces that slide across each other producing little movement? |
Plane (Planar/Gliding) joint
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Give an example of Plane (Planar/Gliding) joint
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Intercarpal joints
Intertarsal joints Carpometacarpal (except #1) |
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What type of synovial joint permits angular
movement in a single plane like the opening and closing of a door? |
Hinge joint
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Give an example of Hinge joint
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Elbow (humeroulnar)
Knee (tibiofemoral) Interphalangeal |
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What type of synovial joint permits only
rotation? |
Pivot joint
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Give an example of Pivot joint
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Atlantoaxial
Radioulnar (proximal) |
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What type of synovial joint consists of an
oval articular facet in a depression on the opposing bone allowing angular motion in two planes? |
Condylar (Condyloid) joint
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Give an example of Condylar (Condyloid) joint
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Metacarpophalangeal
Radiocarpal Atlanto-occipital |
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What type of synovial joint has complex
faces, with a concave and convex surface on each articular surface, allowing extensive angular movement without rotation? |
Saddle joint
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Give an example of Saddle joint
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1st Carpometacarpal
Incudomalleolar |
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What type of synovial joint consists of a
round head that rests in a cup-shaped depression, allowing rotation and extensive angular movement? |
Ball and socket
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Give an example of Ball and socket
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Glenohumeral (shoulder)
Coxal (hip) |
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What is the name of the joint between the
mandibular condyle and the mandibular fossa? |
Temporomandibular joint
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What type of joint is Temporomandibular joint?
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Hinge and gliding
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What structures join adjacent vertebral
bodies? |
Intervertebral discs
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What are the two layers of these structures(Intervertebral discs)
and what are they composed of? |
*Annulus fibrosus – fibrocartilage
*Nucleus pulposus – gelatinous core -Mostly water -Notochord |
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What is the name of the joint between the
clavicle and the manubrium? |
Sternoclavicular joint
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What type of joint is Sternoclavicular joint (there is
disagreement)? |
*Saddle or gliding
-A bit of truth to both views |
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What is the name of the joint between the
humerus and the scapula? |
Glenohumeral joint
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What type of joint is Glenohumeral joint
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Ball and socket
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What 3 joints form the elbow?
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Humeroulnar
Humeroradial Proximal radioulnar |
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What joint produces the majority of the
movement at our wrist? |
*Radiocarpal
-Scaphoid and lunate |
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What type of joint is *Radiocarpal
-Scaphoid and lunate |
Condyloid
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What is the name of the joint between the
femur and the os coxae? |
Coxal joint (hip joint)
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What type of joint is Coxal joint?
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Ball and socket
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What are the names of the 2 joints of the
knee? |
Tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral |
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What type of joints are Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral
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*Hinge
*Gliding |
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What are the names of the joints between
adjacent carpals or tarsals (related but separate names)? |
Intercarpal joints
Intertarsal joints |
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What type of joints are Intercarpal joints
Intertarsal joints |
Planar
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What are the names of the joints between
carpals or tarsals and the metacarpals or metatarsals (related but separate names)? |
Carpometacarpal joints
Tarsometatarsal joints |
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What type of joints are Carpometacarpal joints
Tarsometatarsal joints (in general)? |
Planar
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What type of joint exists between the first
metatarsal and the trapezium? |
Saddle
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What are the names of the joints between
the metacarpals or metatarsals and the proximal phalanges (related names)? |
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Metatarsophalangeal joints |
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What type of joints are Metacarpophalangeal joints
Metatarsophalangeal joints? |
Condyloid
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What is the name of the joint between
adjacent phalanges? |
Interphalangeal joints
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Digits other than digit number one have two
of these, what are they called? |
*PIP – Proximal interphalangeal joints
*DIP – Distal interphalangeal joints |