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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Scientific Data
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observation, experiment, accuracy(when you are close to the right or accepted answer) precision (your data is consistent) there are no absolutes in science
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Scientific laws
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something that is proven
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Scientiic theories
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A widely supported hypothesis
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Scientific hypotheses
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an educated guess
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Consensus science
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everyone agree, widely accepted I.E biology, chemistry , physics
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Frontier Science
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more controversial I.E environmental science
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4 key components of a system
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Inputs( something you put in, comes in the form of matter, energy), Flow - Trough puts ( the rate of movemtn through the system ) Stores - storage areas ( Anywhere that the matter can accumulate) Output ( Anything leaving the system.)
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Positive feedback loops
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when something causes change in a direction hat later causes more change in a system I.E Melting of ice caps , Forest Fires
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Negative feedback loops
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When change in a direction causes change the other I. E sweating, homeostasis .
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Matter
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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Simple Carbohydrates
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sugar , Carbon , hydrogen and oxygen (Glucose)
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Complex Carbohydrates
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You chain simple carbohydrates together ( Cellulose
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Protein
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A chain of Amino acids
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High Quality matter
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organized, concentrated , near the surface, Good potential as a resource
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Low quality matter
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diluted, disorganized, spread out , Not a lot of potential as a resource
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Entropy
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Measure of disorder or randomness in the system
High Entropy= low quality matter, more disorder. |
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Material Efficiency
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Total amount or material needed to produce each unit of goods or services
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Kinetic energy
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the ability to do work and transfer heat
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Potential energy
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Stored energy
I.E. coal , when you light it up it becomes kinetic , tank of gasoline. |
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High quality energy
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condensed, organized , harves it and make it kinetic so you can do something useful with it.
I. E electricity, nucrear fissian, concentrated sunlight. |
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Low quality Energy
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Dispersed, disorganized , harde to do something useful with . Disperced geothermal energy , low temperature heat
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Law of Conservation matter
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Matter cannot be created or destroyed , matter is not consumed , matter only changes form, ther is not away.
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3 factors that determine effect of pollution
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Chemical Nature( what is the nature of it),Concentration( how much is there) , Persistent ( how long is it going to last)
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Types of persistence
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Degradable pollutant( break down by the element of nature), Biodegradable pollutant(broken down by living organism) Slowing degradable pollutants( it will degrade in a long period of time (DDT) , Non-degradable pollutants (Never going to go away.)
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3 types of nuclear changes
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Gamma rays(High energy of radiation) , Alpha particles ( protons and neutrons) Beta particles ( electrons.)
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Element
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the distinctive building blocks of matter that make up every material substance
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Compounds
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Two or more different elements /chemical bonds
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Molecules
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a combination of 2 or more atoms of the same or different elements held together by chemical bonds
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Proton
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Positive Charged (+)
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Neutron
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Neutral charge (N)
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Electron
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Negative Charge (-)
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Atomic number
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equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of each of its atom
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Atomic Mass
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# of neutrons+ protons inside the nucleus
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Ions
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Form when an element of one element gains or loses one or more electron
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Isotopes
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Same atomic number ,but different mass number
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Physical change
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its chemical composition is not changed
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Chemical change
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Change tin the chemical composition of the element or compound.
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Natural Radioactive decay
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is a nuclear change in which unstable isotopes spontaneously emit fast evolving charges of matter, high energy radiation , or both at fixed rate.
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Nuclear Fission
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Nuclear change in which nuclei of certain Isotopes with large mass #'s are split into lighter when struct by neutrons
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Nuclear fusion
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Nuclear change in which 2 isotopes of light elements such as hydrogen , forced together at high extreme temperatures.
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1st law of thermodynamics
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law of conservation of matter . matter cannot be created nor destroyed, just damaged.
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2nd law of thermodynamics
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when energy is changed from or to another, some of the useful energy is always degrade to lower quality , more dispersed. less useful energy.
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