Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The process by which polymers are turned into monomers is called? |
Hydrolysis |
|
The nucleotide that supplies energy for dehydration synthesis is? |
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
|
After hydrolysis of a triglyceride; we would have? |
fatty acids and glycerol |
|
Which is the incorrect association between monomer and polymer? |
nucleic acid - polypeptide |
|
Fats which have one or more double bonds within their fatty acid tails are labeled as __ fats? |
unsaturated |
|
Polysaccharides, the complex carbohydrates, break down into reduced/simple sugars during which of the following processes? |
Hydrolysis |
|
All of the following are functional benefits of the body's fat stores except? |
Enzyme Action |
|
Complex carbohydrates are stored in animals in the form of? |
Gylcogen |
|
The plasma membrane is composed primarily of? |
Phospholipids |
|
The tails of the phospholipids are? A) Nonpolar B) Hydrophobic C) Directed inwards in the bilayer D) All of these |
|
|
The permeability of most membranes is reduced by the presence of ___ in the membrane. |
cholesterol |
|
Particular molecules or ions freely cross the plasma membrane with assistance from? |
Channel Proteins |
|
A person's blood type is determined by the presence of particular __ in the red blood cell's membrane. |
Gyloproteins |
|
Which of the following does NOT move freely (without energy or a carrier protein) across the plasma membrane? |
NA+ |
|
Osmosis is specifically about the movement of __ in and out of cells. |
Water |
|
If the inside of a cell is 1% NaCl, which solution is isotonic to the cell? |
1% NaCl |
|
When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution which of the following will occur? |
The central vacuole gains water |
|
The term hemolysis refers to? |
red blood cells that burst after being placed in a hypotonic solution |
|
Which of the following correctly describes facilitated transport? |
Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration |
|
Insulin leaves insulin-secreting cells by? |
exocytosis |
|
The peptide hormone, follicle stimulation hormone, would activate its specific target cells by? |
binding a receptor protein in the plasma membranes |
|
Heart cells are able to contract in unison because of the flow of ions through? |
gap junctions |
|
People may get injections of ___, a component of the extracellular matrix of animal cells, to get rid of their wrinkles. |
Collagen |
|
Which of the following correctly describes active transport? A) carrier proteins are needed B) It requires the expenditure of energy C) Molecules move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration D) All of these |
D) All of these |
|
Macrophages, immune system cells, engulf bacteria by? |
phagocytosis |
|
The amount of phospholipid extracted from red blood cells led researchers to propose that? |
The phospholipids form a bilayer around the cell |
|
According to the fluid-mosaic model, ___ are partially or wholly embedded in a fluid phospholipid bilayer. |
proteins |
|
Transplant rejections are the result of the immune system's response to foreign __ and __. |
gylcoproteins, glycolipids |
|
The smallest living unit is a? |
cell |
|
Protein synthesis in a bacterial cell is done by? |
ribosomes |
|
The outermost boundary of prokaryotic cells is their? |
cell wall |
|
Sperm cells move by means of? |
Flagella |
|
Skeletal muscle cells will have a large number of __ due to their high demand for energy? |
mitchondria |
|
All cells contain the following items except? |
Nucleus |
|
The stacks of disks containing chlorophyll in a chloroplast are the? |
grana |
|
Large storage structures typically found in the center of plant cells are? |
central vacuoles |
|
Which of the following statements is false? A) Some cells are large enough to be seen by the naked eye B) Cells with infoldings and outfoldings of their plasma membranes are able to move C) All cells are shaped like cubes or are round D)in Eukaryotic cells, the central nucleus controls activities in the cell |
C) All cells are shaped like cubes or are round |
|
Cells of more complex organisms are different from bacterial cells in which of the following ways? |
The variety of organelles and their complexity |
|
Which of these organelles contain digestive enzymes? |
Lysosomes |
|
Synthesis of lipids occurs in which major organelle? |
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
|
The description "9+2 array" in cells refers to? |
microtubules |
|
When a cell grows, which of the following occurs? |
They will increase the volume faster than the surface area of the cell |
|
The large surface area needed for the participants in cellular respiration is provided by the __ of the mitochondria. |
cristae |
|
which of the following will NOT be found in abundance in an insulin-producing pancreas cell? |
Chloroplasts |
|
Debris that is trapped in mucus is moved away from the lungs towards the throat by? |
cilia |
|
The __ participates in ribosome synthesis and is found in the nucleus. |
Nucleolus |
|
The endosymbiotic hypothesis attempts to explain? |
The origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria |
|
Which of the following is an example of potential energy? |
a big piece of chocolate cake |
|
Which of the following statements about energy is FASLE? A) Energy can't be created and it can't be destroyed B) Chemical energy in our food can be transformed into energy needed for muscle contractions C) When energy is transformed, all of it is available to do work D) A battery you just bought at the store has potential energy |
C) When energy is transformed, all of it is available to do work |
|
Reactions which require an input of energy are? |
endergonic |
|
in the reaction A + B -> C + D, the reactant(s) is/are |
A and B |
|
Enzymes do what? |
Bring together specific molecules and causes them to react with each other |
|
Cells that do a lot of active transport have many? |
Mitochondria |
|
The coenzyme __ accepts electrons during cellular respiration. |
NAD+ |
|
During cellular respiration, glucose loses hydrogen ions so it is? |
oxidized |
|
In the reaction (NADP+ + 2e- + H+ -> NADPH), NADP+ is? |
Reduced |
|
The speed of a reaction that involves an enzyme increases as? |
substrate concentration increases |
|
Denaturation A) Changes the shape of the enzyme B) Prevents the enzyme from binding with its substrate molecules efficiently C) occurs at temperatures above a certain point D) all of the above |
D) all of the above |
|
A very high fever (105 degrees F) is dangerous because enzymes can become? |
Denatured |
|
Which of the following is an INCORRECT association of enzyme and substrate? A) maltose - maltase B) lipid - lipase C) sucrose - lactase D) acetylcholine - acetylcholinesterase |
Sucrose - lactose |
|
The nitrogen base in ATP is? |
adenosine |
|
Energy is constantly supplied to ecosystems by? |
The Sun |
|
Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics? |
The amount of energy in the universe is constant |
|
The sodium-potassium pump, associated with muscle and nerve cells, moves ___ to the outside of the cell and ____ to the inside of the cell. |
Na+, K+ |
|
Without ______ organisms, life as we know it could not exist. |
Photosynthetic |
|
Electron transport systems used to make ATP are located in the? |
Mitochondria |
|
ATP production in the electron transport system depends on? A) the establishment of an electrochemical gradient B) carrier proteins C) ATP synthase D) All of the above |
D) All of the above |
|
How to the a (alpha) and b (beta) forms of glucose differ? |
Their ring structures differ in the location of a hydroxyl group (OH group) |
|
Which of the following can vary among monosaccharides? |
The number of carbon atoms |
|
A molecule with the chemical formal C6H12O6 is probably a? |
Monosaccharide |
|
Which of the following linkages would you expect to find at a branch point in glycogen or amylopectin? |
A 1(alpha), 6 glycosidic linkage |
|
Which of these best reflects the following relationship: monosaccharide versus polysaccharide? |
Glucose versus glycogen |
|
Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi? |
Chitin |
|
The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the a (alpha) form. Which of the following could amylase break down? |
Starch |
|
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined in by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? |
As a disaccharide |