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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Kinetic energy is the energy of ______: |
Motion. |
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Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy: |
Potential. |
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In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP? |
Cellular respiration. |
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What are the by-products of cellular respiration? |
Heat, carbon dioxide, and water. |
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The process of cellular respiration, which converts simple sugars such as glucose into CO2 and water, is an example of _____: |
A catabolic pathway. Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway. |
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Bonds are a form of _____ energy: |
Potential energy. |
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A chemical reaction in which both the reactants and products are not being produced or used in any active metabolic pathway is an example of: |
Chemical equilibrium. |
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Which one of these molecules is ATP? |
The first one: Three phosphates attached to a ribose attached to an adenine. |
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What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule? |
Hydrolysis. |
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What type of reaction is this? |
Hydrolysis. |
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The following reaction A --> B + C + heatis a(n) _____ reaction: |
Exergonic. Energy has been released. |
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What is a metabolic or chemical process accompanied by the release of heat/energy: |
Exergonic. |
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What is a metabolic or chemical process accompanied by or requiring the absorption of energy, the products being of greater free energy than the reactants. |
Endergonic. |
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A(n) _____ reaction occurs spontaneously: |
Exergonic. In exergonic reactions the products have less potential energy than the reactants. |
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What type of reaction requires a net input of energy from its surroundings? |
Endergonic. The products of endergonic reactions have more potential energy than the reactants. |
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The reaction ADP + P --> ATP is a(n) _____ reaction: |
Endergonic. Energy has been acquired from the surroundings |
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The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) _____ reaction: |
Exergonic. The energy released by an exergonic reaction can be used to drive an endergonic reaction. |
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What is the fate of the phosphate group that is removed when ATP is converted to ADP? |
It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction. By acquiring the phosphate group the reactant acquires energy. |
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The products contain more potential energy than the reactants. This a(n) ________ reaction: |
Endergonic. |
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This type of reaction releases heat/energy. |
Exergonic. |
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What is energy coupling? |
The use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction |
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Enzymes work by _____: |
Reducing EA. Energy of activation. |
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What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction? |
Substrate. |
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What is a catabolic pathway? |
Release of energy. Breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones. |
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What is an anabolic pathway? |
Consumption of energy. Building complex molecules from simpler ones. |
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What is a closed system? |
Isolated from surroundings. Does not interact with other systems. |
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What is an open system? |
Energy and matter can be transferred between systems and its surroundings. |
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What is the second law of thermodynamics? |
The Second Law of Thermodynamics Every every transfer or transformation INCREASES entropy (disorder) of the universe. -Energy transformations proceed spontaneously to convert matter from a more ordered, less stable form to less ordered. -No process is 100% efficient - energy is lost. |
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What is phosphorylation? |
The addition of a phosphoryl group (PO3^2-) |
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What is dephosphorylation? |
The removal of a phosphoryl group. |
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What are the three properties of enzymes? |
1. An enzyme lowers the activation energy for a given reaction 2. An enzyme is not changed or altered. 3. Names often end with "-ase" |
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What is activation energy? |
energy input required to destabilize exisiting chemical bonds and initiate a chemical reaction for both endergonic and exogonic reactions. |
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Higher activation energy = _____ reaction. |
Slower. |