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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Four main stages of food processing? |
Ingestion Digestion Adsorption Elimination |
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The enzymatic process for digestion |
Chemical digestion |
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Why is it preferable to break food into smaller pieces? |
Increased surface area = increased enzymatic reactions |
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What enzyme is released into the oral cavity? |
Salivary amylase |
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What protects stomach lining from ulcers? |
Mucous lining |
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Main segments of the human digestive tract that food passes throigh |
Mouth - esophagus - stomach - small intestine - large intestine - anus |
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Function of the esophagu |
Moves good from mouth to stomach |
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Peristalsis |
Muscle contractions |
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Functions of stomach |
Stores food 2-6 hrs Physically breaks down food Chemically breaks down food |
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What is present in Gastric juice |
Water HCl Prpsinogen |
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What does gastric juice do? |
Breaks down proteins Helps form Pepsin Kills bacteria |
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What is pepsin, what does it do, what is optimal pH of pepsin |
- protease enzyme - digests proteins ink shot polypeptides - 2.5 ish |
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Three functions of small intestine |
Digestion Movement Adsorption |
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Optimum pH of the small intestine |
8.4 ish |
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Three parts of the small intestines |
Duodenum Jejenum Ileum |
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Only biochemical broken down in the stomach |
Protein |
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Bolus |
Food and saliva mix |
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Carbohydrates broken down into... |
Maltose Then individual glucoses |
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Lipids broken down into.. |
Fatty acids |
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Where is the cardiac sphincter? |
Between stomach and esophagus - where heartburn comes from |
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Gastrin (hormone) source, stimulus, action |
Source: pyloric section of stomach Stimulus: entry of food into stomach Action: regulates secretion of HCl from parietal cells (stomach lining) |
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CCK (hormone) source, stimulus, action |
- duodenum - arrival of chyme into SI - stims pancreas to scretr sodium bicarbonate (buffer) to neutralize stomach acids |
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Insulin source, stimulus, action |
-pancreas - high blood glucose level - stimulates he conversion of glucose into glycogen, stored in liver |
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Glucagon source, stimulus, action |
- pancreas - low blood glucose level - conversion of glycogen into glucose |
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Salivary amylase substrate and product |
Starch, glycogen -> maltose |
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Pepsin substrate and product |
Proteins - short peptides |
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Peptidases substrate and product |
Short peptides --> amino acids |
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Nucleases substrate and product |
Nucleic acids --> nucleotidesmaltas |
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Maltese substrate and product |
Maltose ---> glucose |
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Lipase substrate and product |
Triglycerides ---> fatty acids, glycerol |