Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Adhesion
|
the clinging of one substance to another (unlike), counter the downward pull of gravity
|
|
Alcohol group
|
organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups in which a hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom (bonded to the carbon skeleton)
|
|
Aldehyde group
|
part of the carbonyl group, consisting of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond (group is on the end of a carbon skeleton)
|
|
Amine group
|
organic compounds within the amino group, which consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton
|
|
Buffer
|
substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution; works by accepting hydrogen ions from the solution when in excess and donating them when they have been depleted
|
|
Carbonal group
|
a functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom
|
|
Carboxyl group
|
a funtional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group – has acidic properties
|
|
Cohesion
|
the binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds; contributed to the transport of water against gravity in plants
|
|
Evaporative Cooling
|
the property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state (also provides a mechanism that prevents terrestrial organisms from overheating
|
|
Functional groups
|
the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions (contribute to the molecular diversity of life)
|
|
Geometric isomer
|
isomers (compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures and different properties) have the same covalent partnerships but they differ in their spatial arrangements (arise from the inflexibility of double bonds)
|
|
Hydrophilic
|
any substance that has an affinity for water (can be ionic or polar) ex. cotton absorbing water
|
|
Hydrophobic
|
any substance that seems to repel water (non-ionic and nonpolar) ex. vegetable oil
|
|
Ketone
|
part of the carbonyl group, consisting of carbon atom join to an oxygen atom by a double bond, group is not on the end of a carbon skeleton
|
|
Mole
|
is equal in number to the molecular weight of a substance, but from daltons to grams (Avagadro’s number of molecules – 6.02 x 1023)
|
|
Organic Chemistry
|
the study of carbon (organic) compounds, different species of organisms and different individuals in a species are distinguished by variations in their organic molecules
|
|
pH scale
|
measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to –log [H+ ] and ranging in value from 0 to 14, expresses the behaviors of acids and bases in a solution
|
|
Phosphate group
|
organic compounds that have a phosphate ion covalently attached by one of its oxygen atoms to the carbon skeleton (one function is the transfer of energy between organic molecules)
|
|
Solute
|
the substance that is dissolved, solvent is the dissolving agent of the solution
|
|
Specific heat
|
the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of the substance to change its temperature by 1C (1 cal/ g/ C)
|
|
Structural isomer
|
an isomers that differs in the covalent arrangements of their atoms, number of possible isomers increased as carbon skeletons increase in size
|
|
Sulfhydryl group
|
group which consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen; organic compounds
|
|
Surface tension
|
related to cohesion, a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
|