Ontology

Response to Topic Two Are physical facts, the only knowable facts? Physicalist believe that all aspects of the world including human nature, can be explained by physical means, physical objects, or physical properties. [According to Lousie Antony, physicalism is , “ the doctrine that all concrete objects and phenomena lie within the domain of physics”.] In terms of consciousness, physicalist believes that mental processes humans experience as consciousness can be fully describes via physical…

In two excerpts from al-Farabi’s work, one from The Attainment of Happiness and the other from Al-Farabi on the Perfect State, he writes about the difference between religion and philosophy as he sees it. He gives a definition of each term which he continues to work with through the rest of both excerpts. From those definitions, al-Farabi writes about the relationship between philosophy and religion, eventually stating that religion is an imitation of philosophy. The definitions of philosophy…

What if we could subject the human consciousness to analysis purely using reason? Transcendental idealism is a philosophy associated with Immanuel Kant and his Critique of Pure Reason. According to an article by Nicholas Stang in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy it is a rebuke of previous philosophies which were immaterial, doubting or outright denying the existence of matter. It postulates that things do in fact exist, but are separated from the human consciousness. Transcendental…

Describe and critically analyse the ontological argument for the existence of God. Ontological arguments are arguments that some philosophers claim, definitively prove and conclude on the existence of an omniscient ‘God’. These arguments are structured in a specific analytical, deductive, a priori style. The analytical, a priori aspect of the argument means that the conclusion is based on the understanding of a definition. Meaning that the truth of the conclusion can be determined before…

David Hume is a philosopher who wrote essay Of Miracles. He has clearly pointed out about miracles on his essay Of Miracles. In his essay, he defines a miracle that “miracles were violations of laws of nature, and therefore could only be performed by God or those God had entrusted with divine powers” (Craig, 28). In one word, he denied for the existence of miracles. In his theory, miracles have been brought about by God and/or invisible power, which related to God against rules of nature;…

St Anselm’s ontological argument is based on the premise that God exists through analysis of nature, existence and reality (Ajkin & Hodges 116). A proper understanding and analysis of nature reveals that there is a system that was properly constructed to ensure inter-dependence and correlation. A slight change in one aspect of nature would have led to completely different results. This means that there was and still is a supernatural being that ensures that everything interacts in accordance to…

Self-Identity: Who am I? Who am I? This is not just a midlife crisis question. As we stand at the doorstep of preparing ourselves for college, we are encouraged to evaluate and know ourselves to pick a path where we can find happiness in what we do. As I struggle with knowing myself, surely like many of you, I began to question, who am I? Who really am I? Am I defined by my interests, or the actions I have taken? Am I defined by the possessions I own or the pride in my achievements? Through a…

René Descartes in his first three meditations concludes that God exists and is not a deceiver; he is also responsible of all human faculties. In his Fourth Meditation, Descartes explains how one can have the possibility of error under a God who is not a deceiver. If God exists and is not a deceiver, then how do we still make mistakes? In addition, if the faculty of judgment comes from God, why are our judgements not perfect? This complication is known as the Problem of Error. Descartes becomes…

Teleological Argument According to the William Paley enlighten his essential Teleological Argument and deliver the significant confirmation about the existence of an immortal and it is under consideration in the exceptional cases that is known as the Design argument. In this way to know about the William Paley (1743-1805) previously composed a book that was the named as the NaturalTheology in which to provide the Evidences of the Existence of God further the Attributes of the Deity that is…

In Berkley’s book, Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous, Berkley presents this idea as his two characters Hylas and Philonous have a debate over the existence of physical matter. Berkley challenged the popular idea that the world around us was made up of physical matter and presented the question, can the objects we perceive exist independently of our perception of them? Philonous through a series of proofs provides the necessary evidence to disprove the existence of objects. The idea of…