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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mitosis is most correctly defined as...
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Nuclear division
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During prophase of mitosis...
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Nucleoli and the nuclear envelope begin to break down
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A major characteristic that distinguishes meiosis from mitosis is...
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The reduction of chromosome number during meiosis.
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The single-ring nitrogen-containing organic bases of RNA and DNA are called...
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Pyrimidines
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In DNA replication, because each new strand contains half of the original strand, the process is said to be...
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Semi-conservative
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The linear form of RNA that is responsible for carrying a set of genetic instructions into the cytoplasm is...
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mRNA
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The initiation codon of mRNA is...
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AUG
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Genetics
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The study of the transmission of biological information from on generation to the next.
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The studies of ________ originated the modern study of genetics.
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Mendel
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In a genetic system of complete dominance, a recessive allele is expressed...
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Only in the homozygous condition.
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An organism is said to be ________ if it carries two identical alleles for a certain trait.
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Homozygous
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Punnett square
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A tool used by geneticists to help predict results of crosses.
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Gametes
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Sperm and egg
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Zygotes
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Union of sperm and egg at fertilization
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Somatic cells
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Ordinary body cells (skin)
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Haploid cells
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Cells with half the number of chromosomes than in mitosis; part of meiosis.
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Incomplete Dominance
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Two alleles are expressed more or less equally - i.e. red cattle x white cattle --> Roan (red and white) cattle
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Codominance
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Heterozygote expressed the phenotype of both homozygotes
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Phenotype
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Visual expression of genes - the trait we see
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Genotype
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Genetic makeup of a trait
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Chromosomes which are not involved in the determination of sex are called...
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Autosomes
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The somatic cells of animals are normally in the __________ condition.
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Diploid
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With respect to X-linked traits, males can be described as...
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Hemizygous
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An error known as __________, which may occur during meiosis, will result in gametes having a lesser or greater number of chromosomes than normal.
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Nondisjunction
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Nondisjunction
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An error that may occur during meiosis, will result in gametes having a lesser or greater number of chromosomes than normal.
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A/An________ can be defined as a sequence of bases in DNA that codes for the synthesis of one polypeptide.
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Gene
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The form of RNA that carries amino acids to ribosomes and helps position them for incorporation into a polypeptide is...
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tRNA
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Alleles are...
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Alternate forms of a gene.
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