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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
LAB ALGORITHM
- how do you separate Staph. vs. Strep? |
Staphylococcus = Catalase positive
Streptococcus = Catalase negative |
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LAB ALGORITHM
- how do you separate Staph. aureus from other Staph. spp? |
- Staph. aureus = Coagulase positive
- other Staph. spp = Coagulase negative |
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LAB ALGORITHM
- how do you separate Staph. epidermidis vs. Staph. saprophyticus? |
("No StRESs")
Staph. Epidermidis = Novobiocin sensitive Staph. Saprophyticus = Novobiocin resistant |
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LAB ALGORITHM
- Hemolytic test for Staph. aureus shows what? |
- Beta hemolytic
(same with Strep. pyogenes & Strep. agalactiae) |
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LAB ALGORITHM
- name the Alpha-Hemolytic Streptococi |
- Strep. Pneumoniae
- Strep. Viridans |
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LAB ALGORITHM
- name the Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci |
- Strep. Pyogenes (GAS)
- Strep. Agalactiae (GBS) |
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LAB ALGORITHM
- name the Gamma-Hemolytic Streptococci |
- Enterococci spp
- Peptostreptococci |
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LAB ALGORITHM
- how do you separate out Alpha hemolytic streptococci? |
(Overpass = OVRPS)
Strep. Pneumoniae = Optochin Sensitive (& Bile Soluble) Strep. Viridans = Optochin Resistant (& Bile Insoluble) |
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LAB ALGORITHM
- how do you separate out Beta Hemolytic streptococci? |
("B-BRAS")
GBS (Strep. Agalactiae) - Bacitracin Resistant GAS (Strep. Pyogenes) - Bacitracin Sensitive |
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LAB ALGORITHM
- List all the BETA-HEMOLYTIC bacterial organisms |
- Staph. aureus
- Strep. pyogenes (GAS) - Strep. agalactiae (GBS) - Listeria monocytes |
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H2O2 can be turned into microbicidal products via what enzyme?
What bacterial enzyme can counter this? |
- Myeloperoxidase
- Catalase postitive bacteria (Staph. spp) can covert H2O2 into something else before myeloperoxidase works on it. |
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Catalase positive organisms cause recurrent infections in people with what Dz?
Etiology of the disease? |
- Chronic Granulomatous Dz (CGD)
- NADPH Oxidase deficiency |
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MRSA is resistant to Beta-Lactams due to what?
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- altered PCN-Binding Protein
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Staph. aureus food poisoning is due to what?
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- ingestion of preformed toxins
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Pneumococcus (Strep. pneumoniae) is the MCC of what diseases?
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(MOPS = Most OPtochin Sensitive)
- Meningitis - Otitis Media (in kids) - Pneumonia - Sinusitis |
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Which GP group causes dental caries?
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- Strep. mutans
(which is a Strep. Viridans member) |
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Which GP group causes subacute bacteial endocarditis?
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- Strep. sanguis
(which is a Strep. Viridans member) |
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Strep. Viridans
- Sensitive/Resistant to? - Normal Flora of? |
- Resistant Optochin
- Oropharynx |
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Strep. Pyogenes (GAS)
- Sensitive/Resistant to? - pyogenic pharyngitis can lead to? |
- Sensitive to Bacitracin
(PHaryngitis leads to PHever & glomerulonePHritis) - Rheumatic Fever - Glomerulonephritis |
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Strep. Pyogenes (GAS)
- Antibodies to what virulence factor can enhance host defenses against GAS infections? - but what is the draw back of these Ab? |
- M protein
- can lead to Rheumatic Fever |
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ASO titer detects infection of what?
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- GAS
(Strep. Pyogenes) |
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Which Streptococcal organisms colonize the vagina?
Clinical correlation |
- Strep. Agalactiae (GBS)
- Causes disease mainly in Babies (meningitis, pneumonia, & sepsis) |
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Which Streptococcal organisms produce CAMP factor (enlarging area of hemolysis)
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- Strep. Agalactiae (GBS)
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In order to check for GBS infections, pregnant women should be checked when?
If positive culture, then what is Tx? |
- 35th to 37th week
- Intrapartum PCN prophylaxis |
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Which Streptococcal group can grow in 6.5% NaCl & Bile?
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Enterococcus (Group D Strep)
(note: strep pneumo is bile soluble) |
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Which Streptococcal organism can cause Bacteremia in Colon CA patients?
What else does it cause in Colon CA patients? |
- Strep. bovis (Group D Strep)
- Subacute Endocarditis |
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Lab Diagnosis for Cornyebacterium Diphtheriae shows gram positive rods with ______
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- Metachromatic (red & blue) Granules
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What can prevent Diphteria?
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- Toxoid vaccine
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Diphtheria exotoxin
- ADP ribosylation inhibits what protein? - thus inhibiting what process? |
- EF-2
- Protein synthesis |
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What process kills spores?
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- Autoclave
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Floppy Baby Syndrome
- associated with what organisms? - babies usually get it how? - What is the pathophysiology? |
- Clostridium Botulinum
- Ingesting Spores (esp. in honey) - inhibition of ACh at Neuromuscular junction |
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Clostridium Botulinum
- affects adults by ingestion of? - affects babies by ingestion of? |
- Preformed toxins
- Spores |
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PSEUDOMEMBRANE COLITIS
- associated organism - associated toxins |
- Clostridium difficile
- Toxin A (binds to brush border) - Toxin B (destroys cytoskeletal) |
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PSEUDOMEMBRANE COLITIS
- diagnostic? - usually due to what predisposition? |
- Either/or Toxin A or B in stool
- Prior Antibiotic use (esp. Clindamycin or Ampicillin) |
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Black Eschar
- what is it? - seen in what disease - caused by what organism? - caused by what toxin - can progress to? |
- Painless skin ulcer
- Cutaneous Anthrax - Bacillus anthracis - Anthrax Toxin (ADP-ribosylating) - Bacteremia & Death |
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Pulmonary Anthrax
- infected by what process? - rapid progression to? - AKA? |
- Inhalation of SPORES
- fever, PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE, mediastinitis, & shock - Woolsorter's Dz |
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Actinomyces is part of the normal flora where?
Can cause what dz? |
- Oral Flora
- Oral/Facial Abscesses (that may drain thru the sinus tracts) |
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Norcardia causes what Dz in immunocompromised individuals?
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- Pulmonary infection.
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Treat Actinomyces how?
Treat Nocardia how? |
(SNAP)
Sulfa for Nocardia PCN for Actinomyces |
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Facultative Intracellular organism that can be acquired by eating unpasteurized milk/cheese, and cause spontaneous abortions.
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- Listeria monocytogenes
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GHON COMPLEX
- what is it? - involves what lymph nodes? - usually located where in lungs? - reflects what about the infection |
- TB Granuloma
- Lobar & Perihilar LN - Lower Lobe - Primary infection/exposure |
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Secondary TB
- what kind of lesions are seen - where in lungs? |
- Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion
- Upper Lobe |
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Primary TB
- lesion usually heals via what process |
- Fibrosis
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MYCOBACTERIUM
- which one causes Disseminated Dz in AIDS patients? - how do you treat these patients? |
- MAC
- Prophylactic Tx with Azithromycin |
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Leprosy (Hansen's Dz)
- causative organism |
- Mycobacteria Leprae
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Leprosy (Hansen's Dz)
- what immune response is needed? - if intact, causes which type? Sx? - if compromised, causes which type? Sx? |
- T-cell immunity
- Tuberculoid (skin nodules) - Leprematous (necrotic skin) |
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Leprosy (Hansen's Dz)
- Long term treatment with? |
- Dapsone
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Leprosy (Hansen's Dz)
- which type is lethal? |
- Leprematous
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