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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a system where the amount paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she had injured or killed
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wergild
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German law based on the idea of divine intervention, involved a physical trial
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ordeal
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or diocese, a group of parishes was headed by a bishop
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bishopric
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bishops of Rome, head of Catholic church
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popes
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a man who seperates himself from ordinary human society in order to pursue a life of total dedication to God
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monk
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a system where the amount paid by the wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she had injured or killed
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wergild
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German law based on the idea of divine intervention, involved physical trial
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ordeal
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or diocese, a group of parishes that was headed by a bishop
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bishopric
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bishops of Rome, head of Catholic Church
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popes
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a man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to pursue a life of total dedication to God
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monk
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the practice of living the life of a monk
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monasticism
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people sent out to carry a religious message
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missionaries
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women monks
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nuns
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_______ - headed the convents, many belonged to royal houses
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abbesses
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________- Germanic tribe, occupied Spain and Italy
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Visigoths
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Germanic tribe, took control of Italy in the 5th century
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Ostrogoths
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Germanic tribes from Denmark and Northern Germany moved into Britain
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Anglo-Saxons
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a strong military leader who became the first Germanic ruler to convert to Christianity
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Clovis
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established Frankish kingdom
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Clovis
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a strong pope who strengthened the power of the papacy(office of the pope) and Roman Catholic Church
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Gregory I or Gregory the Great
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Gregory I was also called _____
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Gregory the Great
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____ founded a community of monks for which he wrote a set of rules
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St. Benedict
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______ - established the basic form of monasticism in the Catholic Church
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St. Benedict
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the chief officer's of the king's household
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mayors of the palace
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____- mayor who assumed the kingship of the Frankish state
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Pepin
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new king of Frankish kingdom, Charles the Great
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Charlemagne
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Charlemagne created this out of the Frankish Empire
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Carolingian empire
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Who created the Carolingian Empire
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Charlemagne
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writing rooms, where things were recopied
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scriptoria
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Summarize the social bond among the Germanic peoples an one area of its application
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crucial bond- family
-worked land together, passed it down, and they provided protection |
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list the daily activities of the Benedictine monks
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prayed together 7 times a day and chanted Psalms daily
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what was the significance of Charlemagne's coronation as Roman emperor have to the development of European civilization
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it was point where Germans, Romans and Christian came together in the new Europe
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new political power and social system that developed during the Middle Ages, when royal government was not able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service
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feudalism
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a man who served a lord in a military capacity
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vassal
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heavily armored calvary
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knights
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the grant of land made to a vassal
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fief
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unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal
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feudal contract
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contest where knights could show their fighting skills
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tournaments
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an ideal of civilized behavior
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chivalry
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people from western Asia moved into central Europe
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Magyars
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Northmen or Noresmen of Scandinavia, Germanic people
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Vikings
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one of the most remarkable female personalities of 12th century, two husbands 5 sons
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Eleanor of Aquitaine
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Describe the benefits granted to a vassal under feudalism What was vassal's primary obligation to his lord?
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vassals given land(fief), where they held political authority within
they owed their lord military service, financial payments and lord protected vassals |
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list the invasions that besieged the Carolingian Empire in the ninth and tenth centuries
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the Muslims - southern coast of Europe and southern France
Magyars - plains of Hungary and Western Europe Vikings - sacked much of Europe |
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What factors helped feudalism develop?
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people needed protection from invaders (Vikings), and land, therefore the nobility took in other in order to protect each other
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law that was common to the whole kingdom
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common law
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A great Charter, U.S. revolution was based on, gave monarchs limited power
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Magna Carta
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or classes
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estates
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defeated king Harold at the Battle of Hastings, became king, took census Domesday book ( 1st since Roman times) developed system of taxation
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William of Normandy
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during his rule power of the English monarchy was strengthened, increased number of criminal case trials in king's court and devised property tax
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Henry II
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archbishop of Canterbury and the highest ranking English cleric claimed that only Catholic Church courts could be truly clerics, Henry II had him murdered
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Thomas a Becket
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during his reign English Parliament
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Edward I
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French kings of west Frankish, controlled area around Paris
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Capetian dynasty
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_______ was a turning point in the growth of French monarchy during his reign, he expanded the income of the French monarchy and increased its power
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Phillip II Augustus
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the best known Saxon king of Germany, was crowned emperor of the Romans by pope , for protecting king
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Otto 1
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Peoples of central and Eastern Europe that were originally a single people in central Europe, dived into 3 major groups later
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slavs
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peoples in Bohemia who converted to Christianity, Roman Catholic
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Czechs
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people of Hungry became Roman Catholics
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Hungarians
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conquered Russia, required Russian princes to pay tribute to them
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Mongols
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prince of Novgorod, defeated German invaders, title of grand prince, descendants became princes of Moscow and eventually leaders of all Russia
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Alexander Nevsky
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Explain what Henry II accomplished when he expanded the power of the royal courts in England
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expanding power of royal courts, the king's power expanded, and a common law began to replace law codes
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list the three estates in France
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1st estate - the clergy
2nd estate - the nobles 3rd estate - townspeople and peasants |
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Unified national monarchs did not develop in Germany and Italy as they did in France and England in the High middle Ages. Why not?
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their was great struggle between pope German and italian leaders left
nobles began their on independent kingdoms |
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head of the Eastern Orthodox Church
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patriarch
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separation, between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism
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schism
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series of military expeditions to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims in 11th and 13th centuries
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Crusades
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unbelievers ( the muslims)
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infidels
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became emperor of Eastern Roman empire; determined to establish the Roman Empire in the entire Mediterranean world
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Justinian
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simplified legal materials in Eastern Roman empire; code of Roman Laws that was the basis of Imperial law in the Eastern Roman Empire
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The Body of Civil Law
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a civilization with its own unique character that lasted until 1453;smaller Eastern Roman Empire
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Byzantine Empire
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new dynasty of Byzantine emperors
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Macedonians
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_____ - moved into Asia Minor(the heartland and its main source of food and workers), they were greatest challenge Byzantine empire faced; defeated Byzantine forces at Manzikert
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Seljuk Terks
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monastic leader, lead 2nd crusade, enlisted king Louis 7 and Emperor Conrad II
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Bernard of Clairvaux
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Muslim leader who led forces that retook the Holy City of Jerusalem
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Saladin
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initiated 4th crusade
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Pope Innocent III
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Explain how church and state were linked in the Byzantine Empire
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it was both a Greek and Christian state
-it was believed that the leader was chosen by God -the emperor appointed the patriarch -believed that God had commanded their state to preserve the true Christian faith. |
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List Justinian's accomplishments
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-he restored the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean
-the Body of civil Law Codification of Roman Law |
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Why did cities such as Venice flourish as a result of the Crusades
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cities such as Venice flourished because the crusader kingdoms depended on the cities for supplies from Europe
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______ refers to the practice of living the life of a monk
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monasticism
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the ____ determined the relationship between a lord and his vassals
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feudal contract
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under the influence of the Church, noblemen followed a code of behavior called ______.
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chivalry
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_______ was the amount paid by a wrongdoer to the family of an injured person
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wergild
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a Christian bishop head an area called a ________.
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bishopric
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A series of Christian military expeditions were called the _______.
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crusades
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A _______ developed between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church in 1054.
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schism
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The _______ is the Byzantine counterpart to the pope in Rome
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patriarch
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Bishops of Rome became known as ____ of the Catholic Church.
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popes
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A _______ was the grant of land from the lord to a vassal in return for military service.
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fief
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How did the bond of extended family affect he way the Germanic law treated the problem of crime and punishment?
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family was so close they would get angry and would kill or injure another to get revenge
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How can feudalism be considered a political system?
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it was a political system, because they had leaders who ruled over others and then so on. They did to protect each other, and their was not a real political system
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What important English political institution emerged during the reign of Edward I?
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English Parliament
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what two important functions did monks perform?
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prayed, chanted, provided schools, spread Christian message, recopied Bible and other documents
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Why are scriptoria so important o the history of western Europe?
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where everything including bible copied
without would not have today |
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Name one basic difference between the Roman and Germanic legal systems
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-Germans violently dealt with things as personal offenses
-Romans took it as a social or state offense, and dealt with it in court |
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Approximately how long did the Byzantine Empire last?
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almost 800 years
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What steps did the Normans take to create a strong centralized monarchy in England
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-William of Normandy made all nobles swear oath of loyalty as sole ruler of England
-intermarriage created new English culture - sill developed system of taxation and royal courts -Henry II enlarged power of monarchy and common law -Magna Carta -Dewar I - Parliament |
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How did Henry II enlarge the power of the English monarchy?
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increased the # of criminal cases tried in the king's courts
-devised property tax cases -created common law |
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What was the historical context in which the code of chivalry emerged?
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Catholic Church had idea
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What factors helped feudalism to develop in western Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries?
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-no central government
-invaders into the Roman Empire, need bond to protect -leaders of countries were fighting against popes armies, left home |
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Describe the major characteristics of the political system of feudalism?
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-their were kings and lords then vassals, they protected each other
-the lord granted fief to vassals |
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What caused the schism in Christianity in the 11th century? could the split have been prevented?
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The Eastern Orthodox Church would not accept the pope's claim that he was the sole head of the Christian faith
-therefore, Pope Leo IX and patriarch Michale Cerularius split |
