Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prehistory
|
The time before written records
|
|
History
|
the study of written records
|
|
Artifacts
|
mad-made history such as tools, weapons, etc
|
|
Culture
|
the way of life for a people including religion, foods, clothing, written language, etc
|
|
Paleolithic Age
|
hunter/gatherers, nomads, Old Stone Age
|
|
Neolithic Age
|
agricultural revolution (they grew crops and could stay in one place), domestication
|
|
Bronze Age
|
people made tools by smelting copper and tin to make bronze
|
|
Iron Age
|
tools from iron, it was stronger and more durible than bronze
|
|
Surplus of Food
|
when civilizations have enough food so they dont have to all be farmers
|
|
Government
|
it was first formed to regulate food/water use
|
|
Division of Labor
|
the population does not have to be all farmers, they can do other things such as pottery and science etc
|
|
Specialization
|
someone becomes specialized in things other than farming
|
|
Culture Diffusion
|
when cultures spread from there origins to other parts of the world
|
|
Calendars
|
first used to predict seasons and floods. first made from the moon then the sun
|
|
Written Language
|
used for passing on of how to do things
|
|
Nile River
|
largest river in the world, flows south to north, floods once a year
|
|
Old Kingdom
|
King Menes, Pharaohs, Heiroglyphics, Papyrus, Scribes, and PYRAMIDS
|
|
Middle Kingdom
|
Golden Age-the best years of ancient Egypt, Hyksos-brought the chariot
|
|
New Kingdom
|
Ramses Two-last powerful pharaoh, Persians invaded and ended independant egyptian civilization
|
|
Egyptian Calender
|
based on moon but it eventually got off schedule so they used the "big star" and added 10 days on the end of the year in which they partied
|
|
Egyptian Religion
|
Polytheistic
|
|
Amon-Re
|
head god of Egypt, seen as creator, Symbol=Sun
|
|
Orsis
|
God of Dead (associated with the Nile) periodically died and was reborn, judged those who died
|
|
Afterlife of Egyptian Religion
|
Book of Dead (Bible of Egyptian religion) Judgement=weighed the heart w/ holy feather-measured peoples good deeds. If your heart failed test, it got eaten my monster. Mummification and pyramids are tombs
|
|
Society and Economy of Ancient Egypt
|
Society divided in 1/2-Nobility or Peasant, born into social class and very hard to move up
men and women were generally equal |
|
Fertile Crescent
|
surrounded by Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Giant Crossroads=easy to invade
|
|
City-States
|
each had own set of rules seperate from the others EX Kish and Ur
|
|
Cuneiform
|
pictographic language, over 600 different characters
|
|
Ziggurats
|
Temples, each city-state had at least one
|
|
Accomplishments of Ancient Sumer
|
first use of wheel, first number system based on 60, circle=360 degrees, 1 hour=60 minutes & 1 minute=60seconds.
|
|
Ancient Sumerian Religion
|
polytheistic, each city-state had its own god, gods were unpredictable and harsh, associated with the rivers, they had afterlife but no judgement
|
|
Akkadians
|
conquered Sumerians, Sargon was their greatest leader
|
|
Babylonians
|
Hammurabi and Hammurabi's code EX: Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth
|
|
Hittites
|
first group in Mesopotamia to smelt iron
|
|
Assyrians
|
blood thirsty terrorizers, they brought chariots and burned down Babylon and created Ninevah, they also built a library
|
|
Chaldeans
|
Nebuchadnezzer(built hanging gardens), Babylonian captivity=Hebrews from Isreal to Babylon to be enslaved
|
|
Persians
|
Cyrus the Great (greatest leader started and kept the empire going) and Gov allowed them to keep local power but they had to swear loyalty to the King of Kings
|
|
Zoroastrianism
|
Zoroaster was prophet. Taught there was only 1 god, dualistic (good vs evil) Ahufu-Mazda=God, Mythris=Jesus, Ahriman=Satan, Maji=priests
|
|
Phonecians
|
worlds best merchants and traders, had rare purple dye=indigo became color of royalty. Carthedge=Most important colony
|
|
Lydians
|
made coin money
|
|
Hebrews
|
enslaved 2 times, Abraham=founder, Yhwh=God,
|
|
Diaspora
|
Romans split up Jews and make them leave and rename it Palestine
|
|
Ancient Indian Geography
|
Hymalayas, Khyber Pass (only way through Hymalayas on land)
|
|
Indian Rivers
|
Ganges and Indes
|
|
Indian Climate
|
hot and wet, monsoons (Nov-March blow from N and no rain. Jun-Oct blow from S and rain everyday)
|
|
Harappan Civilizations
|
First in India, big cities, grain storage, some kind of gov, and written language
|
|
Indo Aryans
|
came across Khyber Pass, Sanskrit=written language
|
|
Hinduism
|
based on Vedas (written in Sanskrit), Brahmins=priests
|
|
Magadha Empire
|
united India, fought with Persians and lost but then Persians fell
|
|
Mauryan Empire
|
develops out of Magadha Empire, leader Asoko did not like Hinduism so he brought Buddhism
|
|
Gupta Rulers
|
brought wealth and prosperity to Indians, brought back Hinduism to the people
|
|
Vedas and Upanishads
|
holy texts of Hinduism
|
|
Caste System
|
class systen that dictates what the people will do in life. could not move up class in one lifetime
|
|
Untouchables
|
lowest in caste system, had to do all the jobs no one else wanted (hanling dead, garbage etc)
|
|
Reincarnation
|
the belief that after you die you come back as someone else entirely
|
|
Dharma
|
the obligation to perform your moral duty, if you do well, you move up a caste in your next life
|
|
Karma
|
good and bad forces people create by their actions "what goes around, comes around"
|
|
Nirvana
|
the highest level you can achieve, unity with God, only Brahmins could achieve this
|
|
Buddhism
|
based on "all people suffer and suffering is caused by desire" Siddartha Guatama=Buddah
|
|
4 Noble Truths
|
1. All himan life involves suffer and sorrow 2. Desire causes suffering and sorrow 3. Renouncing desires frees suffering 4. Eightfold path leads to renouncing desires
|
|
Ancient Chinese rivers
|
Yellow, Yangtze, Xi
|
|
Shang Dynasty
|
created bureaucracy
|
|
Zhou Dynasty
|
over threw Shang because they were corrupt and they no longer had the Mandate of Heaven
|
|
Qin Dynasty
|
reunified China began Great Wall, forcing people to work on wall weakened them
|
|
Han Dynasty
|
Civil Service System=way to choose gov officials
|
|
Yin and Yang
|
Yin=female, dark, passive, night, winter. Yang=male, bright, active, day, summer. they have to coexist and have balance to survive
|
|
Confucianism
|
taught respect for family, elders, and authority. perform duties without question
|
|
Daoism
|
founded by Lao-Tzu
"Go with the Flow" Dao-De-Jing=Holy book of Daoism |