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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cultural Homogenization
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the reduction of cultural diversity by the spread/popularization of a dominant, outside culture.
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McDonaldization
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sociologist George Ritzer / The McDonaldization of Society (1993) / culture adopts the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant / reconceptualization of rationalization / moving from traditional to rational modes of thought, and scientific management. |
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Transnational Family:
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one or both parents live and work in a foreign country to earn a better wage while the rest of the family, including children and grandparents, remain in the home country / Injustice on our Plates, Sweatshops in our Midst
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Intersectionality
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a tool to understand how multiple forms of oppression impact an individual’s life chances. |
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Gender based violence:
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violence involving men and women / female is usually the victim / derived from unequal power relationships between men and women / directed specifically against a woman because she is a woman, or affects women disproportionately / physical, sexual and psychological harm |
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Micro-aggression:
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Small ways in every day life when people experience discrimination because of social norms of behavior and/or expression. |
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Orientalism
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way of bothering people / specifically the Middle East / imagines, emphasizes, exaggerates and distorts differences / culture as exotic, backward, uncivilized, and at times dangerous
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Hybridization |
cultures can blend to make a new overarching culture / less resistance because it incorporates things from each of the cultures / “What’s In a Dumpling?” |
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Globalization |
is the movement of people, ideas, goods, and capital across borders / Nayan Chanda reading |
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Relations of Ruling
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Conceptualized by Dorothy Smith to talk about institutional arrangements of a society that determine the experiences of women. |
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Transnational Feminist Networks |
Coined by Valentine Moghadam to refer to networks of feminist activist across nations |
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What does cultural homogenization mean?
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- adaptation of another culture's cultural symbols, customs, values, etc into one's own culture - reduces cultural diversity by having a mass adaptation of a certain cultural aspect across many cultures - reduces the distinguishing features of one culture from another. |
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Why are women the majority of workers in global manufacturing, agriculture, and sweatshops?
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Women are not seen as the primary providers of the family. They aren’t considered workers, therefore it is ok to pay them less and/or not give them the benefits they deserve. |
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Who are the main actors of globalization? Give examples of their actions.
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MultiNational Organizations, NonGovernmental Organizations, World Bank, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, states, movements |
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Who are the Solutions Generation, what is their vision and what will they need to do to achieve their goals?
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Youth / Create SHARED prosperity for a just and more sustainable world via new tech, new institutions, new societal norms and political and economic systems / are involved in grassroots organizations and protests to get the changes they want |
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What is the Myth of the Nation-State? |
a nation of people having their own land / s a my because itst not something historical and is detrimental to international relations |
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In Bound to Fail by Bo Ekman, why are nation states bound to fail in resolving fateful challenges that the processes of globalization have brought upon humanity?
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They are based on the past reality that has been replaced by interconnectedness and interdependence of the world. |
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What is the difference between first world, second world, and third world countries, and what is the new terminology we use? |
It is a cold war terminology First World Countries: Industrial, democratic countries allied with the US.
Second World Countries: Developed, industrial, communist country allies with the the USSR
Third World Countries: Countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were once colonized by European countries.
The new terminology we today is the Global North and the Global South Global North includes North America Western Europe, and developed parts of East Asia Global South includes Africa, Latin America, and developing Asia (i.e. Middle East)
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What does the phrase a “nation-state” mean and why do some scholars consider it a myth?
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A nation is defined as a group of people that share the same values where as a state is something that legitimizes law or rule over a group of people. This phrase “nation-state” is often considered a myth because the two terms nation and state sometimes contradict each other in a way. A state contains a group of people, but they do not necessarily have the same values or culture. For example, many countries or states have multiple cultures or nations within them like Japan. Japan contains people from Chinese, Filipinos, Koreans and other descents, but still considers themselves a Japanese state. This has also led to problems in the past with some countries or “nation-states” trying to split into different nations and become independent because they do not share the same values. These are some reasons the phrase is considered a myth.
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Why are universities building international branches?
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Many schools want to spread globally, not having to worry about students having to come to America to attend their school. It has also become so popular because universities are looking to expand their opportunities to others who may not have them, thus bringing in more students, faculty, and most importantly, more funding and money. Relationships will be built around the world and continue to thrive. |
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Name and describe the three globalization stages and the dates they happened? And what era/stage are we living in now?
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Ancient: Before the 1000 A.D. Religions traveled around the world Medieval/ Colonial:1400-1990 Trade begins in this era Contemporary: 1990s
We live in the contemporary era/stage
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Why are the majority of sweatshop and migrant workers female?
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because they are typically second-class citizens in their home countries / the woman’s family will often give her up for money / female workers can be paid less because companies make the excuse that women are not the “breadwinners” / women are less likely to report wrongdoings |
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How does globalizing local cultures impact society? (Positively and negatively)
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+ become more of a worldly person, try different kinds of foods, learn about different customs/languages, gain more knowledge from other parts of the world - takes away from personal culture, makes one question what is really American, mixture of cultures can cause confusing image of local culture |
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Explain the difference between homogenization and hybridity in terms of cultural globalization. Then state which view you think best represents cultural globalization today and explain why. |
Homogenization: the idea that since American culture is being adapted by so many other countries, local cultures are being lost
Hybridity: the idea that since we are becoming more aware of other cultures, local cultures are becoming increasingly different and not dying out
Although American culture is being spread to other cultures, other cultures also influence the global culture. There's a blending of cultures seen in traditional Chinese food being fast food-ized and Japanese street fashion flooding the American style market. |
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What is one positive and negative impact of the growing popularity of Americanized fast-food in China that was discussed in Wong's article "What's in a Dumpling?"
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Wong discusses how the increased popularity of fast-food in China has forced some local restaurants and cultures out of the market based on their large corporate budgets and backing / he also argues that the changes in the industry have spurred innovation by Chinese workers who took the business models of these American restaurants that they learned, and have opened their own more cultural restaurants which have been fairly successful |
