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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Date: Reign of Philip II |
359-336 B.C. |
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Date: Battle of Chaerona; Philip II Conquers Greece |
338 B.C. |
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Date: Reign of Alexander the Great |
336-323 B.C.E. |
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Date: Alexander Invades Asia; Battle of Granicus River |
334 B.C.E. |
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Date: Battle of Issus |
333 B.C.E. |
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Date: Battle of Guagemala |
331 B.C.E. |
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Date: Fall of Persepolis, Persian Capital |
330 B.C.E. |
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Date: Alexander Enters India |
327 B.C.E. |
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Date: Battle of the Hydaspes River |
326 B.C.E. |
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Date: Death of Alexander |
323 B.C.E. |
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Macedonian army was a _________ army under Philip, made up of _____, and paid using _____ ______. |
Professional, Macedonian Countrymen, Gold Mines |
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Demosthenes delivered a series of orations known as the... |
Philippics |
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Isocrates viewed Phillip as... |
A savior who would rescue the Greeks from themselves. |
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Macedonia united Greek States around Macedonian rule into something called.. |
The Corinthian League |
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How old was Alexander when he became king? |
20
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After his father's assassination, Alexander moved quickly to ______ his _______, securing Macedonian ___________ and smothering a rebellion in __________ by sacking _______. |
Assert, Authority, Frontiers, Greece, Thrace |
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Battle of Granicus lead to... |
Liberation of Ionian City-States by Alexander. |
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Battle of Issus was fought with... |
Fought with King Darius, who fleed the battlefield. |
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T/F Egypt fought bitterly with Alexander to maintain control of its kingdom. |
False. |
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After Guagemala... |
Alexander entered Babylon and then conquered the Persian capitals of Susa and Persepolis. |
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Alexander's troops refused to go on after the Battle of... |
Hydaspes. |
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Alexander died from: |
Wounds, fever, and probably excessive alcohol. |
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How do historians explain Alexander's success? |
1. His superb tactical skills. 2. Pushed troops extremely hard, 3. Maintained a personal interest in his men. 4. Paid attention to details. 5. Used technology. |
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Four Hellenistic Monarchies: |
1. Antigonid/Macedonia 2. Seleucid 3. Pergamum 4. Ptolemaic |
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Megasthenes |
Seleucid ambassador who reported on people of India. |
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Date: Early Iron Age |
800-500 B.C.E. |
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Brennus |
Celtic General who ravaged Macedonia and Greece. |
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Attalus I |
Greek General who bested Celts in Asia Minor, before declaring himself King. |
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Ruling Class of Hellenistic Monarchies were made up of |
Greeks and Macedonians |
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Alexandria was the ___________ city in the _________ region by the first century B.C.E. |
Largest, Mediterranean |
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T/F New products and manufacturing methods were introduced in the Hellenistic Period |
False |
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Gymnasium |
A secondary school—(previously an athletic institution.) |
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Menander |
Athenian Playwright who started making plays only to entertain and amuse. (New Comedy) |
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Polybius |
Chief historian of the Hellenistic age, who wrote fort books narrating the history of the "inhabited Mediterranean World" |
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Aristarchus of Samos |
Astronomer, developed Heliocentric view of the universe. |
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Eratosthenes |
Determined that the earth was round, and calculated earth's circumference. |
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Archimedes |
Most famous scientist of the Hellenistic Period. Especially important for his work on geometry, and establishing pi. |
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Hippocrates |
First to separate medicine from philosophy, by stressing natural explanation and natural cures for disease. |
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Herophilus and Erasistratus |
Well-known physicians in Alexandria who practiced dissection and vivisection. |
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Epicureanism |
Doctrine of pleasure—happiness goal of life. |
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Stoicism |
Happiness could only be found in virtue, which meant living in harmony with divine will. |
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Zeno |
Founder of Stoicism |
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Mystery Religions |
Salvation-focused cults. |
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Syncretism |
Combination of all religions into one. |
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Italy divided in two by the... |
Apenine Mountains |
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T/F: Greeks had considerable influence on Rome. |
True. |
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Date: First secession of the plebeians; creation of tribunes of the plebs. |
494 B.C.E. |
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Date: Creation of the council of the plebs |
471 B.C.E. |
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Date: Publication of the Twelve Tables of Law |
450 B.C.E. |
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Date: Intermarriage allowed; Canuleian law |
445 B.C.E. |
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Date: Consulship opened to plebeians |
300s B.C.E. |
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Date: Plebeian assembly laws binding on all Romans; Hortensian Law |
287 B.C.E. |
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T/F Toga was an Etruscan dress. |
True |
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Imperium |
The right to command. Executive authority. |
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Consul |
Administered the government and led the Roman army into battle. |
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Praetor |
Primary function execution of justice, in charge of civil law. Could govern Rome and lead armies when Consuls are away. |
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Dictator |
Ruler with unlimited power, meant to last only for an emergency. |
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Quaestor |
Assisted consuls and praetors in the administration of financial affairs. |
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Aediles |
Supervised public games and watched over the grain supplie of the city. |
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Senate |
Council of elders; a select group of about 300 men who served for life. |
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Centuriate Assembly |
The Roman army functioning in its political role. Organized by classes based on wealth. |
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Paterfamilias |
Concept of the father having unlimited power over his family. |
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Gentes |
Clans |
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Praenomen |
Forename |
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Nomen |
Following praenomen, the name of the group of families or clan to which the person belonged. |
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Cognomen |
An extra personal name, following Nomen. |
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Patricians |
Aristocratic Governing Class |
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Plebeians |
Unprivileged lower class. |
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Two major problems that fueled Struggle of the Orders |
1. Only patricians could be elected to office. 2. No intermarriage. |
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Tribunes of the Plebs |
Given the power to protect plebeians against arrest by Patrician magistrates. |
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Council of the Plebs |
Popular assembly for plebeians only. |
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Plebiscita |
"It is the opinion of the plebs." |
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Twelve tables of Law |
1. Legal procedures for going to court, 2. Provisions on family, women, and divorce 3. Regulations concerning private property, 4. Rules governing relationships and injuries to others, 5. Prohibiting intermarriage. |
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Canuleian Law |
Allowed intermarriage. |
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Hortensian Law |
All plebiscita passed had the force of law and were binding on the entire community. |
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Nobiles |
Select number of wealthy patrician and plebeian families. |
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King Pyrrhus of Epirus |
Won two battles fought with Romans for the Greeks, before losing. |
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Date: First Punic War |
261-241 B.C.E. |
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Date: Second Punic War |
218-201 B.C.E. |
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Date: Battle of Cannae |
216 B.C.E. |
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Date: Scipio seizes Spain |
206 B.C.E. |
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Date: Battle of Zama |
202 B.C.E. |
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Date: Third Punic War |
149-146 B.C.E. |
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Date: Macedonia incorporated as Roman Province |
148 B.C.E. |
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Date: Destruction of Carthage |
146 B.C.E. |
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Date: Roman Acquisition of Pergamum |
133 B.C.E. |
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Three Stages of how Rome's Empire was Built |
1. The Conquest of Italy 2. Conflict with Carthage and expansion into Western Mediterranean 3. Domination of Hellenistic Kingdoms in Eastern Mediterranean. |
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Hastati |
Youngest recruits, formed the front line, armed with heavy spears and short swords. |
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Principes |
Armed and protected like the hastati, formed the second line. |
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Triarii |
Knelt behind the first two lines, ready to move up and fill gaps. |
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Augurs |
Interpreted the auspices. |
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Auspices |
Signs or warnings that the gods gave to men, through the weather, or migratory pattern changes. |
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Rhetoric |
The art of persuasive speaking. |
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Latifundia |
Large-landed estates, worked by slaves. |
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Spartacus |
Lead slave rebellion in 73 B.C.E. |
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Cum Manu |
After marriage, legal control passes from father to husband. |
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Sine Manu |
Married daughters officially remained within the father's legal power. |
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ius civile |
Civil Law |
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ius gentum |
Law of Nations |
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Plautus |
Famous Roman playwright who used plots from Greek New Comedy for his own plays. |
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Terence |
Carthaginian slave, turned free, became playwright. |
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Mos maiorum |
Customs and traditions of ancestors. |
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Pietas |
The highest virtue—the dutiful execution of one's obligations to one's fellow citizens, to the gods, and to the state. |
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Novus Homo |
New Man |
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Optimates |
"The best men," tended to be nobiles who wished to maintain oligarchical privileges. |
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Populares |
"Favoring the people," were ambitious aristocrats who used people's assemblies, especially the council of the plebs, as instruments to break the domination of the optimates. |
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Equestrians |
Once formed Rome's cavalry. |
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Gracchus Reforms |
Pushed to reclaim public land from large landowners and distribute it to landless Romans. |
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Marius |
Consul who ran to "Win the War," initiated military reforms to allow generals to recruit volunteers who weren't landowners. |
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Italian or Social War |
Fought between Rome, and allies disenchanted with lack of plunder. |
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Lucius Cornelius Sulla |
Nobile who forced Senate to grant him title of dictator. Revised constitution to restore power to the Senate—eliminating power of popular assemblies. |
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Date: Reforms of Tiberius Gracchus |
133 B.C.E. |
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Date: Reforms of Gaius Gracchus |
123-122 B.C.E. |
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Date: Marius's consecutive consulships. |
104-100 B.C.E. |
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Date: Italian or Social War |
90-88 B.C.E. |
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Date: Sulla as dictator |
82-79 B.C.E. |
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Date: Pompey's command in Spain |
77-71 B.C.E. |
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Date: Consulship of Crassus and Pompey |
70 B.C.E. |
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Date: First Triumvirate |
60 B.C.E. |
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Date: Caesar in gaul |
59-49 B.C.E. |
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Date: Crassus and Pompey as Consuls |
55 B.C.E. |
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Date: Crassus Killed in Battle |
53 B.C.E. |
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Date: Caesar Crosses the Rubicon |
49 B.C.E. |
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Date: Battle of Pharsalus; Pompey Killed in Egypt |
48 B.C.E. |
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Date: Caesar as dictator |
47-44 B.C.E. |
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Date: Assassination of Caesar |
44 B.C.E. |
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Date: Second Triumvirate; Cicero Killed |
43 B.C.E. |
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Date: Caesar's assassins defeated at Philippi |
42 B.C.E. |
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Date: Octavian defeats Antony at Actium |
31 B.C.E. |
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Catullus |
Great Roman writer and poet, mastered displaying emotion in writing. |
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Lucretius |
Important poet in Late Republic who followed an old Greek tradition of expounding philosophy in the form of poetry. |
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Sallust |
Best-known historian of the Late Republic. Believed moral degeneration to be a cause of Rome's downfall. |