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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Asepsis |
Asepsis is the absence of disease producing organisms |
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Sterilizing |
Sterilizing is destroying all microorganisms |
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Disinfecting |
Disinfecting is destroying or inhibiting growth of microorganisms |
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Clean |
Clean is not completely free of germs, but disinfected |
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Contaminated |
Contaminated is a previously sterile item that has been touched by something unsterile |
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Dirty |
Dirty means not clean or sterile |
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Pathogen (Disease agent) |
A Pathogen (disease agent) is when microorganisms multiply and invade body tissues |
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Infection |
Infection is an invasion of the body by harmful organisms |
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Bacteria |
Bacteria is single cell organisms |
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Virus |
Virus is infectious agents that must rely on living cells to grow and reproduce |
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Direct Contact |
Touching an infecting person by shaking hands, kissing or other physical contact |
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Indirect Contact |
Touching contaminated objects or surfaces. Such as a phone faucet or doorknob |
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Droplet spread |
Breathing droplets sneezed or coughed from the respiratory tract of another person |
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What is the most important way to prevent the spread of disease? |
Handwashing is the most important measure everyone can take to prevent the spread of disease |
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PPE
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Personal Protective Equipment; Gloves, Gown, Mast, Goggles
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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) |
Patients with this virus can be treated in regular clinics but needs to be isolated. HBV is preventable with the vaccine and HBV is a blood-born pathogen |
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Tuberculosis (TB) |
Tuberculosis is transmissible through airborne droplets and is very contagious. You will never see patients with TB In the clinics, they will need to be going to the hospital |
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What stage must the hemo dialysis machine be in before you can run the tests? |
The Hemo dialysis machine must be in alarm free stage before you can get the machine patient ready |
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How long should you wash your hands for? |
30-45 seconds. |
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When do you was your hands? |
Before and after performing an invasive/noninvasive procedure; Before contact with any patient; after contact with any body substance; when you enter or leave the dialysis area |
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Symptoms of Uremia |
Cardiovascular; fluid imbalances; Electrolyte imbalances; Central Nervous System; |
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Cardiovascular |
Primarily due to fluid and electrolyte imbalances; the fluid stays in your vascular space and can enlarge your heart |
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Fluid imbalances |
Fluid deficit: hypotension (intravascular); Cramping (intracellular) Fluid Excess: Edema (intracellular or interstitial); Hypertension (intravascular) Pericarditis, (interstitial) Pulmonary Edema/CHF (congestive heart failure) |
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Pitting Edema |
applying pressure to the swollen area causing an indentation for sometime |
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Electrolyte Imbalances |
Hyperkalemia: High potassium (k+) Hypokalemia: Low potassium (k+) |
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Hyperkalemia |
Symptoms: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest Causes: Diet, infections, hemolysis |
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Hypokalemia |
Symptoms: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest |
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Acid-Base or pH Imbalances |
Metabolic acidosis |
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Endocrine |
Hypothermia; Sexual Dysfunctions |
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Central Nervous System (CNS) |
Headaches; Personality Changes; Changes in cognitive abilities |
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
Muscle Weakness; Burning feet; Restless legs; Decreased sensation; Motor weakness |
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Gastrointestinal (GI) |
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting; Diarrhea/constipation; Ulcerative Disease; Uremic Fetor (sweet smell in the breath) |
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Ophthalmologic |
Red watery eyes, blurred vision, optic nerve damage/occasional |
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Dermatological |
Pallor, Pruritis, Bruises |
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Psychological |
Depression, Agitation, psychosis, anxiety, irritability |
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Hematological |
Anemia, Platelet dysfunction, decreased white blood cells |
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Symptoms of Anemia |
Fatigue, Altered mental status, diminished exercise tolerance, diminished sexual function, pallor |
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Skeletal: CKD (chronic Kidney Disease) - MBD (Mineral and Bone disorder) |
Bone disease related to renal failure; affects almost all patients by the time maintenance, dialysis is initiated |
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Manifestations of CKD - MBD |
Muscle weakness, extra skeletal calcification, bone pain, pathological fractures, tendon ruptures, compression of vertebrae, growth failure in children |
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What is the best management of Uremia? |
The best management of uremia is transplant or adequate dialysis |
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Power Button |
Turn the machine on. Hold for one second to turn the power off and if the blood is sensed, the machine will power down with an audible alarm |
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Mute button |
Silence an alarm for two minutes or until another alarm occurs. MUTE IS YOUR FRIEND. If the machine asks you a question you must answer it |
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New Treatment (New TX) button |
Erase the current treatment information and move the summary information to the previous record in the "trends" screen. Press the CONFIRM key to complete the action. To cancel, press the Escape key. |
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Reset button |
Reset the alarms. Press again and hold for one second to set new arterial and venous pressures |
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Home button
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View current treatment data including treatment time remaining. UF data, arterial, venous, and transmembrane pressures and dialysate data
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Dialysate button |
View and select acid/bicarbonate concentrate type, bicarbonate, sodium, electrolyte concentrations and conductivity settings |
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Trends button |
View charts the provide graphic views of treatment effectiveness, sodium variation system and UF profiles, and patient's blood pressure over time. Views the summary data of the patient's treatment settings. |
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Test and options button |
View pressure test, Alarm tests and diasafe test options and results. View treatment options for pediatric and singel needle patients, high flux dialyzers, patient ID numbers and dialysate sampling. |
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Heparin button |
View options for administering heparin gradually over the course of the treatment or as a bolus injection |
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Bolus button |
Large amount of something given all at once. We do not bolus in the machine and we give in the access port 3-5 minutes before treatment. |
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Blood Pressure button |
View all pulse and blod pressure test results taken during treatment. Blood pressure alarm limits and inflation pressure and frequency of blood pressure tests are set in this screen.
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Confirm button |
Save a treatment parameters entry or confirm an action initiated on the touch screen. The CONFIRM key is a backup, safety feature designed to prevent accidental changes to the intended treatment parameters. |
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Escape button |
Void the current entry and return to previously entered parameter value before CONFIRM is pressed |
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Override button |
Keep he blood pump running for three minutes when a blood-leak alarm is present. The yellow override light will illuminate. OR if a blood leak alarm is not present, pressing and holding the Override key for one second will spread the arterial and venous alarm limits and the TMP alarm limits are spread fully open for 30 seconds. The light will not be on. |
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Dialysate Flow On/Off button |
Start and stop the flow of dialysate. Flow is off when the yellow triangular light is solid or flashing. The light is not illuminated when flow is on. |
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SVS (Sodium Variation System) on/off button |
When the SVS is on, the green, triangular light is illuminated. The light will flash when the SVS program is interrupted. |
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UF (Ultrafilteration) Rate button |
Turn the UF pump on or off. During UF, the green light is illuminated. This light will flash when UF is interrupted. |
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Bypass button |
Dialysate flow is bypassing the dialyzer because dialysate is outside the allowable temperature or conductivity limits, or shunt interlock door is open |
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Start/Stop button |
Starts and stops the blood pump. Opening the door will also stop the blood pump |
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Pressure port button |
Line from arterial drip chamber is connected to a transducer protector and attached here to provide arterial blood pressure readings |
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Level adjusting key |
pressing the triangle key will raise the level of the fluid in the arterial drip chamber |
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Blood alarms |
Air dector (in the blood); Blood leak detector (major/minor); Prime; Override; Stat/Deflate; Heparin on/off
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Dialysate Alarms |
Dialysate flow on/off; SVS on/off; UR on/off; Bypass |
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Extracorporeal |
Blood sequence (tubing outside of the body) |
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The rule of thumb is to always do both tests. |
pressure test and alarm test |