Waves & Sound

Front 1

Occurs when a body moves over the same path repeatedly in equal time intervals

Back 1

Periodic motion

Front 2

Frequency of the spring depends on:

Back 2

-the spring stiffness of the spring
-amount of mass hanging from the spring

Front 3

Acceleration produced from the force acting on mass is directly proportional to the displacement of the mass from the equilibrium

Back 3

Hooke's Law

Front 4

linear motion in which the acceleration is proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position and is directed toward that position

Back 4

Simple Harmonic Motion

Front 5

an object suspended so that it can swing back and forth about about an axis

Back 5

pendulum

Front 6

a disturbance that propagates through a medium or space
it transports energy without transporting matter

Back 6

Waves

Front 7

a single nonperiodic disturbance

Back 7

pulse wave

Front 8

a wave disturbance produced by a motion that is occurring at equal time intervals, or is considered periodic

Back 8

continuous wave

Front 9

a disturbance in the equilibrium positions of matter, the magnitude of which is dependent on location and on time

Back 9

mechanical waves

Front 10

the two types of mechanical waves are:

Back 10

transverse and longitudinal waves

Front 11

the displacement of particles of the medium is perpendicular to the direction in which the pulse (or wave train) is traveling

Back 11

transverse wave

Front 12

the maximum displacement of the vibrating particles of the medium from their equilibrium positions

Back 12

amplitude

Front 13

a disturbance where the displacement of the particles of the medium is on the direction parallel to the direction the pulses are traveling.

Back 13

longitudinal waves

Front 14

of a periodic wave, is the number of crests (or troughs) passing a given point in a unit time

Back 14

frequency

Front 15

the time between the passage of two successive crests (or troughs) past a given point

Back 15

period

Front 16

the distance between consecutive points of the corresponding phase

Back 16

wavelength

Front 17

the rate of transfer of energy

Back 17

power

Front 18

the reduction of amplitude due to dissipation of energy as it travels from the source

Back 18

damping

Front 19

the direction of propagation of the advancing straight wave is perpendicular to the wave front

Back 19

rectilinear (straight line) propagation

Front 20

consists of particles that are all in the same phase of motion

Back 20

wave front

Front 21

occurs as a wave is turned back when it encounters a barrier that is the boundary of the medium in which the wave is traveling

Back 21

reflection

Front 22

allows unrestrained displacement of the particles of a medium so...no change in phase

Back 22

free-end

Front 23

when a wave disturbance is reflected at the boundary of a transmitting medium, the angle of incidence, i, is equal to the angle of reflection, r.

Back 23

law of reflection

Front 24

when restrained, or at a fixed termination of the medium, reflection occurs with a reversal of the direction of the displacement, or a phase shifts of 180

Back 24

fixed-end

Front 25

a ratio telling you how easily a wave can travel through a medium

Back 25

impedance

Front 26

a device to help connect two mismatched impedances

Back 26

impedance transformers

Front 27

the bending of the path of a wave disturbance as it passes obliquely from one medium to another or different propagation speeds

Back 27

refraction

Front 28

the spreading of a wave disturbance beyond the edge of a barrier

Back 28

diffraction

Front 29

this phenomenon describes the effects produced by two or more waves that superpose

Back 29

interference

Front 30

resultant displacement is greater than either one separately

Back 30

constructive interference

Front 31

resultant displacement is less than one of the waves

Back 31

destructive interference

Front 32

points of zero displacement

Back 32

nodes

Front 33

points of maximum displacement

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antinodes

Front 34

produced by the interference of two periodic waves of the same wavelength, frequency, and amplitude traveling in opposite directions

Back 34

standing waves

Front 35

the range of compression wave frequencies where the human ear is sensitive

Back 35

sound

Front 36

the frequency range over which longitudinal waves occur

Back 36

sonic spectrum

Front 37

the time rate at which the sound energy flows through a unit area normal to the direction of propagation

Back 37

intensity

Front 38

the sensation that depends on this intensity of sound waves reaching the ear

Back 38

loudness

Front 39

the intensity of the faintest sound audible to the average human

Back 39

threshold of hearing

Front 40

the upper intensity level of audible sounds able to cause pain

Back 40

threshold of pain

Front 41

the ratio of the intensity of a sound to the intensity of the threshold of hearing

Back 41

relative intensity

Front 42

the characteristic of sound that depends on the frequency the ear receives

Back 42

pitch

Front 43

the change in pitch produced by the relative motion of the source and the observer

Back 43

the doppler effect

Front 44

the lowest frequency produced by a standing wave when a string vibrates as a single unit

Back 44

fundamental tone

Front 45

frequencies higher than the fundamental node that are whole number multiples of it

Back 45

harmonics (overtones)

Front 46

the frequency of a vibrating string depends on its:

Back 46

1.) length 3.) tenstion
2.) diameter 4.) density

Front 47

when a sound nearby, or in contact, forces another object (such as a sounding board) to vibrate

Back 47

forced vibrations

Front 48

the inducing of vibrations to an object by a vibrating source having the same frequency

Back 48

resonance (sympathetic vibrations)

Front 49

a boundary (interface) between two mediums acts as a closed end termination, a NODE

Back 49

closed tube

Front 50

amplitude pulsations caused by waves traveling through the same medium in the same direction with slightly different frequencies. they will combine (superimpose) to give a wave that varies in amplitude with time.

Back 50

beats