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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lancets belong to what subphylum?
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Cephalochordata
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Chondrichtyes retain nitrogenous waste in their tissues to help retain fluids in the form of what?
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Urea
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When fish move water over the gills in the opposite direction that blood flows through them
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Countercurrent exchange
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Teeth that are set firmly into jaw sockets, held in place by ligaments and cementum
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Theocodont
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Extinct jawless fish that has bony plates embedded in the dermis
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Ostracoderm
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Development of reproductive isolation among subgroups within a single area
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Sympatric Speciation
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Classification scheme based only on overall physical similarity
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Linnaean Taxonomy
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An ancestral trait, a character that is unchanged from the ancestral condition
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Plesiomorphy
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Other than vertebrae, one synapomorphy that unites the subphylum Vertebrata is
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A cranium
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The epidermis develops from which embryological layer
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Ectoderm
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The liver and pancreas develop from which embryological layer
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Endoderm
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Part of vertebrate cranium that develops as membrane bone in the dermis
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Neural Crest
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The basic functional unit of the kidney
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Nephron
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Common name of the group characterized by no jaws, a single nostril ad a single semicircular canal
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Hagfish
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In primitive gnathostomes, the vertebral element that extended around and above the spinal cord
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Neural Arch
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Acanthodians had jaws and the first known
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Teeth
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Structure used to release gas from a swim bladder
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Ovale
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Chain of small bones that conducts vibrations from swim bladder to ear
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Webberian Apparatus
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Stacked electrocytes that produce strong electrical discharges
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Electric organs
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4 synapomorphies that unite Chordates
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Notochord
Pharyngeal pouches Dorsal hollow nerve cord Post-anal tail w/segmented muscles |
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Differences between dermal bone and endochondral bone
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Endochondral bone starts out as cartilage. Blood vessels begin ossification.
Dermal bone formed between two embryo tissue layers |
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Functions of electrical charges in fish
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Communication, Electrolocation, Defense, Stun prey
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What is an out group?
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Group of organisms serving as a reference group for determination of evolutionary relationships.
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Ram ventilation vs. Buccal pumping
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Ram ventilation involves a fish moving into water as it passes through the mouth and over the gills
Buccal pumping involves the fish moving the floor of its mouth, bringing water into the buccal cavity |
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What is an adaptation
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A trait with a current role in the life history of an organism, maintained through natural selection
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What is one disadvantage of phylogenetic systematics?
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Methods for defining clades vary among scientists
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What are two ways homologous traits can be distinguished from homoplastic traits?
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Homologous traits come from a common ancestor
You can look at the genes of the organism in question |
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What is a polyphyletic taxon?
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Group characterized by one or more homoplasties
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Are glomeruli large or small in freshwater fish? Why?
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Large; they must excrete large amounts of water
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What are 4 functions of the vertebrate integument?
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Protection, storage, sensory reception, waste excretion
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What are 2 structures that develop from the embryonic mesoderm?
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Skeleton, notochord
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What is a neural crest?
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A vertebrate peripheral nervous system, forms into cranial skeleton, pigment cells, adrenal gland and teeth
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What are 2 synapomorphies that unite all gnathostomes?
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Movable jaw
At least two sets of paired fins |
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Which is not part of Darwin's concept of evolution by natural selection?
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Traits acquired during an individuals life can be passed on to offspring
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Which are more likely to be preserved in the fossil record?
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Teeth and bones
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The earliest fossils are known from which period?
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Cambrian
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Compared to air, water
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Has higher density
Has higher electrical conductivity |
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The electroreception organ in sharks is called
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The ampullae of Lorenzini
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Wjat is not true about the evolution of jaws in vertebrates?
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Jaws are derived from the splanchnocranium
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Sister species are
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Monophyletic
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Where would you most likely find member of Myxinoidea?
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Northern Pacific Ocean
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Urochordata usually have sessile larvae and a vagile adult form True or False?
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False
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Gases cant escape a fish's swim bladder because of guanine crystals True or False?
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True
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Marine vertebrates are hyperosmolal True or False?
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False
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Haikouichthyes is considered one of the earliest fossils of vertebrates because it had paired fins True or False?
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False
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Hagifish and Lampreys are jawless because they are parasitic True or False?
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True
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Derived gnathostomes have 3 semicircular canals True or False?
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True
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