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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the mcc of anemia in sickle cell patients?
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chronic hemolysis
(mainly extravascular) |
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what are common lab findings in a pt with sickle cell anemia?
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reticulocytosis
hyperbilirubinemia incr serum LDH decr serum haptoglobin |
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a cyanotic child whose color improves with squating has _____
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tetralogy of Fallot
(incr PVR -> decr R to L shunt) |
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what are common characteristics of a pt with tuberous sclerosis (TSC)?
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presents in 1st year
adenoma sebaceum symmetrical muscle spasms (hypsarrhythmic pattern in EEG) hypopigmented (ASH leaf spots) cortical tubers on head CT |
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what is the DOC for infantile spasms?
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intramscular ACTH
(ex: a child with tuberous sclerosis) |
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a child >3 years presenting with a unilateral flank mass is likely due to a _____
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Wilm's tumor
(arising from the metanephros) |
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mcc of meningitis: newborns
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group B streptococcus (70%)
listeria monocytogenes (20%) streptococcus pneumonia (10%) |
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mcc of meningitis: 1mo - 2 yrs
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streptococcus pneumonia (47%)
neisseria meningitides (30%) group B streptococcus (18%) |
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mcc of meningitis: 2 - 18 yrs
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neisseria meningitides (60%)
streptococcus pneumonia (25%) hemophilus influenzae (8%) |
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mcc of meningitis: >18 yrs
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streptococcus pneumonia (70%)
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what are the (4) criteria for the clinical diagnosis of ADHD?
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sxs >6 months
sxs persistant since age 7 sxs in >1 setting (home, school, etc) distractable/inpulsive/active/poor concentration |
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how does Klumpke's paralysis typically present in the newborn?
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hand paralysis (claw)
Horner's syndrome (ptosis and miosis) (secondary to traction on C7/8 and first thoracic nerve during birth) |
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what are the characteristics of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura?
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IgA-mediate vasculitis of small vessels
- palpable purpura - arthralgia - abdominal pain - renal dz (mesangial IgA deposition) - scrotal swelling - intussusception |
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what is the treatment for a clavicular fracture in a newborn infant?
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none
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what causes water intoxication?
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usually a child with diarrhea who's given fluids w/out enough electrolytes leading to hyponatremia -> seizures
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12 month milestones (4)
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walks alone
speaks 2 words throws objects comes when called |
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language development milestones
(2, 6, 12, 24 mo) |
2 months: social smile
6 months: babbles 1 year: 2 words, 1-step command 2 years: 2 word phrases, 2-step command |
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gross motor development milestones
(3, 4, 6, 12, 24 mo) |
3 months: holds head
4 months: rolls 6 months: sits 1 year: walks 2 years: up and down stairs |
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fine motor development milestones
(6, 12, 15, 24 mo) |
6 months: raking grasp
1 year: throws 15 months: 2 blocks 2 years: 6 blocks, turns pages |
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social development milestones
(2, 6, 12, 18, 24 mo) |
2 months: recognizes parents
6 months: stranger anxiety 1 year: imitates, comes when called 18 months: plays with others 2 years: parallel play |
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what is premature adrenarche?
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axillary hair before age 6
(benign premature androgen secretion from adrenal glands) |
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what is premature pubarche
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pubic hair before the age of 8
(CNS disorder in 50%) |
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how do you confirm diagnosis of cystic fibrosis
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sweat chloride test
(repeat twice, genetic studies when results equivocal) |
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mcc of acute diarrhea in children (esp 6-24 mo)?
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rotavirus
(vaccine assd w/ intussusception) |
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what is the typical presentation of Rubella?
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low-grade fever
lymphadenopathy erythematous, maculopapular rash (starts at face -> down) |
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what is the typical presentation of erythema infectiosum ("fifth disease")?
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caused by parvovirus B19
"slapped cheeks" mild fever lace-like rash (once present, non-contagious) |
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what is the typical presentation of roseola infantum?
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herpes virus 6
abrupt high-grade fever maculopapular rash of the trunk spreading peripherally (after the fever) |
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when does physiologic jaundice present?
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>24 hours from birth
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when does breast milk jaundice present?
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>1 week from birth
(give 2-3 days of formula, then resume breastfeeding) |
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when does jaundice secondary to erythroblastosis fetalis start?
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increased indirct/direct bilirubin from birth to 24 hours of life
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what is the classical presentation of galactosemia?
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FTT
bilateral cataracts jaundice hypoglycemia |
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what is galactosemia due to?
txt? |
galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency
txt: eliminate galactose from diet |
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what is the dysfunction in chronic granulomatous disease?
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defect of the phagocytic cells due to dysfunction of the NADPH oxidase enzyme complex -> uncontrolled infections with catalase(+) organisms:
- s. aureus - serratia marcenscens - burkhoderia cepacia - klebsiella - aspergillus sp. |
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what is the classical presentation for someone with B-cell deficiency?
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recurrent infections (w/ encapsulated organisms) after 6 months of age:
- h. influenzae - s. pneumoniae - giardia (protozoa) |
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what age is concerning if no meconium has been passed?
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>48 hrs
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