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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nationalism
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National pride or loyoalty
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Rush-Bagot Agreement
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Each nation pledged to limit its naval presence on the Great Lakes to a few armed ships.
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Convention of 1818
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Agreement btwn. U.S. and Britain to allow both countries to fish in disputed waters.
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First Seminole War
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Conflict btwn. U.S. forces and the Seminole in Spanish Florida; increased conflict btwn the US and Spain
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Adams-Onís Treaty
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1819: Spain transferred East Florida to U.S.
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Monroe Doctrine
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President vowed that the US would not interfere with any existing European colonies in Latin America.
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Specie
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Gold or silver coins that the bank held to back up the notes
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American System
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Plan developed by Clay for raising tariffs to pay for internal improvements such as roads and canals
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Tariff Act of 1816
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Act that placed a 25% duty on most imported factory goods
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National Road
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First federal roadway previously known as Cumberland Road
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Erie Canal
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363-mile-long canal that was intended as a cheaper and faster route to and from the interior of the country than roads.
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Market Revolution
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Creation of national markets; brought about by new transportation systems,
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Industrial Revolution
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Period of dynamic changes in manufacturing and production that began in Britain.
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Mass Production
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Manufacture of large quantities of goods
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Interchangeable Parts
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Process developed by Whitney in 1790s that called for mass production by use of identical, replaceable parts.
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Panic of 1819
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Economic collapse caused partly by the National Bank's attempt to curb some policies of state banks.
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Missouri Compromise
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Agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, thus keeping balance in the senate.
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Spoils System
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Jackson rewarded his supporters by giving some of them government jobs
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Rotation in office
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Periodic replacement of officeholders
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Sequoya
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Member of the Cherokee
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Indian Removal Act
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Passed by Congress providing for the relocation of Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma
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Second Seminole War
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Cost more money and lives than any other Indian war in U.S. History. Aided by runaway slaves.
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Worcester v. Georgia
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Supreme court that limited state power over the Cherokee Nation and said that the federal government should protect the Cherokee from state govts trying to take their land; ignored by Pres Jackson and state of Georgia
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Trail of Tears
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800-mile forced march the Cherokee made from their homeland in the SE to Indian Territory in present day Oklahoma; resulted in the deaths of almost 1/4 of tribe members.
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Doctrine of Nullification
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Belief that states had the right to disobey federal laws that they considered unconstitutional.
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Pet banks
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State banks that received deposits of federal funds because of their officers' loyalty to the Democratic party and Andrew Jackson.
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Specie Circular
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Executive order that instructed treasury to accept only specie as payment for public land.
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Panic of 1837
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U.S. economic collapse caused in part by Specie Circular and by an economic crisis in Great Britain.
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Whig Party
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1834, opponents of Jackson; referred to him as "King Andrew"
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Middle class
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Included prosperous artisans, farmers, lawyers, ministers, shopkeepers, and their families.
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Factory system
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System that cut costs and increases output by relying on machines to help do everything under one roof.
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Lowell girls
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Single women who worked in textile mills and lived in company-owned boardinghouses in Lowell, Massachusetts and other textile towns in the early 1800s.
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National Trade Union
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Sought work reforms such as a shorter workday.
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Strike
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Refusal to work until employers met union demands.
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Nativism
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Favoring of native-born Americans over the foreign-born.
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Know-Nothings
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Political organization founded in 1849 by nativists who opposed the Catholic Church and supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens and to hold office.
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Cotton gin
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Device developed by Whitney in 1793 to separate short-staple cotton seeds from the bolls.
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Tredegar Iron Works
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One of the nation's largest and best equipped iron foundaries that operated in Richmond, VA in the early to mid-1800s.
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Antebellum
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Pre-Civil War class structure
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Yeoman farmers
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Made up majority of southern white society.
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Gang labor
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Allowed overseers to assign groups of slaves to do specialized jobs
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Drivers
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Assistants picked among the slaves
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Overseers
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Managed the slaves
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Spirituals
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Songs sung by slaves
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Underground Railroad
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Network of white and African American Slaves abolitionists who helped slaves escape to freedom in the North or in Canada.
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Harriet Tubman
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Conductor in the URR
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Second Great Awakening
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Evangelical religious movement that spread through the US beginning in the eatly 1800s
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Revivals
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Public gatherings at which ministers preach to a large number of people.
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Denominations
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Religious groups
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Utopias
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Communities designed to create a perfect society; popular in the US in the early to mid 1800s
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Shakers
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United believers in Christ's Second Appearing; religious group led by "Mother Ann" Lee, who claimed to be the messiah; established several communities in the East before declining in the late 1800s.
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Mormons
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Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
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Transcendentalism
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Belief that people can rise above material things in life to reach a higher level of understanding; popular among New England writers and thinkers in the mid-1800s
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Unitarians
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Members of a religious reform movement that originated in New England in the late 1700s.
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Temperance movement
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A social reform effort begun in the mid 1800s to encourage people to limit alcohol consumption
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Prohibition
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Complete ban on the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol.
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Catharine Beecher
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Reformer who supported increased educational opportunities for women.
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Rehabilitation
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Treatment to restore someone to a useful and constructive place in society.
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Penitentiary
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Isolated and structured environment for convicted criminals; intended to reform them.
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Dorothea Dix
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Female reformer who worked with mentally ill.
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Horace Mann
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Reformer of education
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American Colonization Society
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Set up to freed African Americans to Africa to found new settlements.
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Theodore Weld
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was one of the leading architects of the American abolitionist movement during its formative years, from 1830 through 1844.
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David Walker
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Abolitionist; free Af-Amer businessman from Boston who published the Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
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William Lloyd Garrison
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White New England journalist abolitionist; launched the abolitionist newspaper the Liberator.
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Frederick Douglass
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Fugitive slave from Maryland; abolitionist; published North Star abolitionist newspaper and wrote autobiography. Best at winning members for the American Anti-Slavery Society.
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Sojourner Truth (Isabella Baumfree)
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Former slave who worked for American Anti-Slavery Society. Managed to flee from slaveholder. Made powerful impression, preached gospel on abolition and women's rights.
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Sarah & Angelica Grimké
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Abolitionists; left slaveholding family in SC and moved to Philly to join the abolitionist movement. Wrote American Slavery As It Is--one of the most influential antislavery documents of the period.
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Elijah Lovejoy
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Abolitionist editor in Illinois; murdered in 1837.
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American Anti-Slavery Society
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Group founded in 1833 by abolitionists; the first national antislavery organization devoted to immediate abolition and to racial equality.
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Liberator
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William Lloyd Garrison's abolitionist newspaper, launched in 1831.
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Seneca Falls Convention
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First national women's rights convention; site where the Declaration of Sentiments was written.
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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Abolitionist; women's rights activist
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Declaration of Sentiments
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Statement written and signed by women's rights supporters who attended the Seneca Falls Convention; modeled after the Declaration of Independence, it detailed their beliefs about women's rights.
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Lucretia Mott
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was an American Quaker, abolitionist, social reformer, and proponent of women's rights. She is credited as the first American "feminist" in the early 19th century but was, more accurately, the initiator of women's political rights.
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Lucy Stone
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Oberlin graduate; influential public career as a speaker for the AASS.
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Married Women's Property Act
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NY law that permitted married women to own property, file lawsuits, and retain earnings; major victory for the early women's rights movement.
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Susan B. Anthony
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was a prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States.
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